计算机英与语课件Unit2 .ppt

Computer English Unit 1 Computer and Computer Science （计算机与计算机科学） One of Babbage’s designs, the Analytical Engine, had many features of a modern computer. It had an input stream in the form of a deck of punched cards, a “store” for saving data, a “mill” for arithmetic operations, and a printer that made a permanent record. Babbage failed to put this idea into practice, though it may well have been technically possible at that date. 巴比奇的一项设计是分析机，它具有现代计算机的许多性能。它具有穿孔卡片叠形式的输入流、存储数据的“存储部件”，进行算术运算的“磨坊”，和建立永久记录的打印机。巴比奇未能把他的思想付诸实施，尽管那时技术完全可能实现。 2. Early Computers (早期的计算机） Analogue computers began to be built in the late 19th century. Early models calculated by means of rotating shafts and gears. Numerical approximations of equations too difficult to solve in any other way were evaluated with such machines. Lord Kelvin built a mechanical tide predicator that was a specialized analogue computer. 19世纪后叶，人们开始建造模拟计算机。早期的模型是通过转动轴和齿的方式来进行计算的。用其他方式很难求解的方程的数值计算可以用这种机器来求解。开尔文勋爵建立了一个机械式潮流预测机，就是一种专门的模拟计算机。 During World Wars Ⅰand Ⅱ, mechanical and, later, electrical analogue computing systems were used as torpedo course predictors in submarines and as bombsight controllers in aircraft. Another system was designed to predict spring floods in the Mississippi River basin. 在第一次世界大战和第二次世界大战期间，机械的模拟计算系统及后来的电子的模拟计算系统曾用作潜水艇中的鱼雷航向预测器和飞机中的轰炸瞄准器。另一个系统是设计用来预测密西西比河盆地的春潮。 3. Electronic Computers （电子计算机） During World War II, a team of scientists and mathematicians, working at Bletchley Park, north of London, created one of the first all-electronic digital computers: Colossuss. By December 1943, Colossus, which incorporated 1500 vacuum tubes, was operational. It was used by the team headed by Alan Turing, in the largely successful attempt to crack German radio messages enciphered in the Enigma code. 第二次世界大战期间，在伦敦北部的布莱奇乐公园工作的一组科学家和数学家，建造了一个首批全电子数字计算机—巨型号。1943年12月，由1500个真空管组装而成的巨型号可以运行了。它被艾伦·图灵领导下的一个工作组所使用，基本成功地破解了用恩尼格码加密