现在分词和过去分词的用法之状语用法.docVIP

现在分词和过去分词的用法the Infinitive）；动名词（the Gerund）；分词（包括现在分词（the Present Participle）和过去分词（the Past Participle）。 非谓语动词的句法功能： ?? 句子成分 非谓语?? ? 主语 ? 表语 ? 宾语 ? 补语 ? 定语 ? 状语 不定式（to do） ? ? ? ? ? ? (V-ing) ? ? ? （极少） ? ? 现在分词(V-ing) ? ? ? ? ? ? 过去分词(V-ed) ? ? ? ? ? ? 注意：分词按其构成及意思上的主被动关系不同，可分为现在分词和过去分词。虽然现在分词和过去分词在句子中所作的成分大体相同，但在意思上有主动和被动之分。一般说来，现在分词表示主动，而过去分词表示被动。两者所表示的时间也不相同，现在分词表示正在进行，而过去分词则表示已经完成。 现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于：现在分词表示“主动和进行”，过去分词表示“被动和完成”(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动，只表示完成)。分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。　　1)分词作状语分词在句子中作状语，可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等。分词做状语时，它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。作状语的分词相当于一个状语从句。　earing the news, they all jumped with joy. =_______________________________, they all jumped with joy. 2.Using what you know of word stems and word formations, you can make a guess at the meaning of a new word. = _________________________________________, ou can make a guess at the meaning of a new word. 3.Given better attention, the plants could grow better. =__________________________, the plants could grow better.  4.He looked tired and depressed, disturbed by the news of his mothers illness. =_____________________________________, He looked tired and depressed.　 分词在句子中作状语，使用何种分词，要取决于分词与句子主语的关系：主谓关系用现在分词，被动关系用过去分词。ot having enough hands, we turned to them for help.(we dont have enough hands). 6.Taught by mistakes and setbacks, we have become wiser and handled our affairs better. (we are taught/teach us) . 7.Inspired by the international help, the working people of all countries have been fighting for their final liberation. (the working people were inspired/ inspire the working people) 8.____the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge. (cet-4 1996,6)  a)having believed b) believing c) believed d) being believed 本句意思为：相信地球是平的，许多人担心哥伦布会从边上掉下去。许多人与相信之间是主谓关系，分词与主语之间为主谓关系。因此应用现在分词，答案为b.o matter how frequently ____, the works of beethoven always attract large audiences. (cet-4 1995,6) 　　a) performing b) performed c) to be performed d) being performed　　本句中贝多芬的作