英语翻译与写作-AttributiveClauses.docVIP

Attributive Clauses I. 英汉定语结构的对比 英语的定语从句呈右开放状，从理论上讲，一个句子可以向右无限扩展。 This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house that Jack built. 汉语没有定语从句之说，作为修饰成分的定语习惯上放在被修饰词之前（左边），用“、、、、、、的”结构表现，呈左封闭状。 这就是那只捕杀了偷吃了放在杰克修建的房间里的蛋糕的老鼠的猫。 如果“、、、、、、的、、、、、、的”太多，就会不知所云，影响对整个句子的理解。 这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。老鼠偷吃了放在屋里的蛋糕。屋子是杰克盖的。 II. 限制性定语从句 1. 合并法(combination)：在定语从句较短的情况下（一般在10个词之内），将定语从句合并于主句，用“、、、、、、的”结构译出。 The people who worked for him lived in mortal fear of him. Pollution is a pressing problem which we must deal with. July and August are the months when the weather is hot. In the room where the electronic computer is kept, there must be no dust at all. 2. 分译法(division)：即化整为零，分别翻译。这种方法比较适合长而复杂的定语从句。分译时，可以重复先行词。 Each day we make choices that affect our lives and sometimes the lives of others. They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives. Between these two particles, the proton and the electron, there is a powerful attraction that is always present between negative and positive electric charges. Newton invented a paper lantern illuminated by a candle which he carried with him to light his way to school on dark winter mornings. 在主题明确的情况下，也可以不重复先行词。 Late 19th century saw all universities in the United States adopt the credit system, which benefited students a great deal. He managed to raise a crop of 200 miracle tomatoes that weighed up to two pounds each. A fuel is a material which will burn at a reasonable temperature and produce heat. They worked out a new method by which production has now been rapidly increased. 3. 混合法(mixture)：即打破原文的定语结构，根据对原文的理解，用自己的话译出原文的意思。 There were men in that crowd who had stood there every day for a month. There is a man downstairs who wants to see you. Fortunately, there are some chemical fuels that are clean and smokeless. There are some metals which possess the power to conduct electricity and the ability to be magnetized. 有时候，有些英语复句中主句结