3.7万吨乙烯浮阀塔设计说明书.doc

内容摘要 精馏塔是进行精馏的一种塔式汽液接触装置，又称为蒸馏塔。有板式塔与填料塔两种主要类型。根据操作方式又可分为连续精馏塔与间歇精馏塔。 液由塔底进入，与液进行逆流接触，两相接触中，下降中的易挥发(低沸点)组分不断地向中转移，中的难挥发(高沸点)组分不断地向下降液中转移，愈接近塔顶，其易挥发组分浓度愈高，而下降液愈接近塔底，其难挥发组分则愈富集，达到组分分离的目的。由塔顶上升的进入冷凝器，冷凝的液体的一部分作为回流液返回塔顶进入精馏塔中，其余的部分则作为馏出液取出。塔底流出的液体，其中的一部分送入再沸器，，返回塔中，另一部分液体作为釜残液取出。 通过这次设计我了解到了精馏塔操作的优点，包括以下几点：一：生产能力大：即单位塔截面大的气液相流率，不会产生液泛等不正常流动。二：效率高：气液两相在塔内保持充分的密切接触，具有较高的塔板效率或传质效率。 三：流体阻力小：流体通过塔设备时阻力降小，可以节省动力费用，在减压操作是时，易于达到所要求的真空度。 四：有一定的操作弹性：当气液相流率有一定波动时，两相均能维持正常的流动，而且不会使效率发生较大的变化。 五：结构简单，造价低，安装检修方便。 六：能满足某些工艺的特性：腐蚀性，热敏性，起泡性等。 关键词：精馏塔 ； 塔板； 再沸器； 冷凝器； 热敏性 　　  Abstract Distillation column is a distillation tower vapor-liquid contact devices, also known as the distillation column. There are plate tower with the two main types of packed tower. According to mode of operation can be divided into continuous distillation and batch distillation. Steam from the bottom to enter, with the decline in countercurrent contact with liquid, two-phase contact, a decrease in the volatile liquid (low boiling point) component continually transferred to the steam, steam evaporation of hard (high boiling point) component continue to to the decline in the transfer of liquid, steam the closer we get to the top of the tower, the higher the concentration of volatile components, and the closer we get to the bottom liquid drop, and its difficult they are, the more volatile-rich component to the purpose of separation. Steam rising from the top of the tower into the condenser, part of the liquid condensate as reflux liquid into the distillation column to return to the top of the tower, the rest of the part removed as distillate. The liquid bottom, into which part of the reboiler, thermal evaporation, the vapor to return to Tajikistan, the other part of the liquid residue removed as the kettle. I design the distillation column for the annual production capacity of 37,000 tons of ethylene distillation tower equipment plate. The design includes three parts, the first part of the process equi