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Sensing?Human?Activity:?GPS?Tracking 感应人类活动:GPS跟踪 Stefan?van?der?Spek?1,*,?Jeroen?van?Schaick?1,?Peter?de?Bois?1,?2?and?Remco?de?Haan?1 Abstract:?The?enhancement?of?GPS?technology?enables?the?use?of?GPS?devices?not?only?as navigation?and?orientation?tools,?but?also?as?instruments?used?to?capture?travelled?routes:?as sensors?that?measure?activity?on?a?city?scale?or?the?regional?scale.?TU?Delft?developed?a process?and?database?architecture?for?collecting?data?on?pedestrian?movement?in?three European?city?centres,?Norwich,?Rouen?and?Koblenz,?and?in?another?experiment?for collecting?activity?data?of?13?families?in?Almere?(The?Netherlands)?for?one?week.?The question?posed?in?this?paper?is:?what?is?the?value?of?GPS?as?‘sensor?technology’?measuring activities?of?people??The?conclusion?is?that?GPS?offers?a?widely?useable?instrument?to collect?invaluable?spatial-temporal?data?on?different?scales?and?in?different?settings?adding new?layers?of?knowledge?to?urban?studies,?but?the?use?of?GPS-technology?and?deployment of?GPS-devices?still?offers?significant?challenges?for?future?research. 摘要：增强GPS技术支持使用GPS设备不仅作为导航和定位工具,但也为仪器用来捕捉旅行路线:作为传感器,测量活动在一个城市或区域范围内规模。代尔夫特开发过程和涂数据库架构对行人运动收集数据在三个欧洲城市中心、诺维奇、鲁昂、科布伦茨,和在另一个实验中收集活动数据的13个家庭在Almere(荷兰)一个星期。本文提出的问题是:什么是GPS的价值是“传感器技术的测量活动的人吗?结论是,GPS提供了一个广泛的可用的工具来收集宝贵的时空数据在不同尺度和不同的设置添加新层的知识城市研究,但使用GPS技术和部署的GPS设备仍为未来的研究提供了重要的挑战。Keywords:?GPS;?Tracking;?People;?Behaviour;?Mapping;?Movement. 关键字：GPS；跟踪；人群：行为；制图；运动1.?Introduction 1.引言 1.1.?The?Global?Navigation?Satellite?System 1.1全球导航卫星系统 The?availability?of?so-called?geopositioning?devices?such?as?GPS?(Global?Positioning?System) devices?has?grown?enormously?in?the?last?decade?and?is?still?increasing.?More?and?more?people?own?a navigation?system?such?as?a?TomTom,?a?GPS?for?orientation?for?outdoor?uses,?biking?and?geo-caching or?a?mobile?phone?or?other?handheld?communication?device?with?built-in?GPS.?These?devices?are mainly?used?for?orientation?(determining?where?you?are),?navigation?(determining?where