大学英语语法-虚拟语气.docVIP

虚拟语气 1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道) 2. He wishes he hadnt lost the chance. 他真希望没有失去机会。(其实已失去) 3. You wished she would arrive the next day.(would + arrive) 你希望她第二天会到。(事实上她还没到) Subjunctive Mood作为专门表达假设意义和其他非事实意义的动词形式，仅是古英语遗留下来的残余。它仅有两个形式，即be型虚拟式和were型虚拟式。Be型虚拟]----- be型虚拟式是以动词原形表示的，不管主语是什么人称，动词一律用原形，如动词为被动态，则助动词be也用原形。其主要用法如下：1用于表命令、决定、建议、等词语之后的that分句中这一用法又分三种情况：a)用decide,decree,demand,insist,move,order,prefer,propose,recommend,request,require,suggest,vote等动词之后的that分句中.expect, believe, think, suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中，我们经常用“should＋动词原形(或完成形式)”，表示惊奇，怀疑，不满等。 He ordered that all the books be sent at once. He ordered that all the books be sent at once. we propose that somebody neutral take the chair. She insisted that she go to the south for her holiday.b)用在 advisable,appropriate,desirable,essential,fitting,imperative,important,impossible,necessary,obligatory,proper等形容词之后的that分句中。It is essential that all the facts be examined first. It was appropriate that thisi tax be abolished. I thousht it advisable that an armed guard stand in readiness.c)用在decision,decree,demand,instruction,order,requirement,resolution等名词之后的that分句中。The board has given instructions that the agent fly to Boston. We were faced with the demand that this tax be abolished. Their decision was that the school remain closed. 在这一用法中be型虚拟式能与“should+不定式”交替使用，也能与to-不定式交替使用。He ordered that the books be sent at once . = He ordered that the books should be sent at onc. = He ordered that the books to be sent at once.2）用于由if,though等引导的分句中be型虚拟式能用于由if,though,whatever,lest,so long as lest, for fear that, in case so that, in order that 等引导的分句中表推测、让步、防备等含义。 If he be found guilty,Jonh shall have the right of appeal.Though everyone desert you, I will not. Quitly we sat on the river bank lest the fish swim away. 上述用法现在只限于书面体，在非正式语体中通常用动词陈述式或者用should/may+不定式。Whatever hisdefense maybe,we can’t tolerate this disloyalty.3）用于某些公式化语句中be型虚拟式用于某些公式化语句中可表祝愿、诅咒、禁止等意义。Long l