初中虚拟语气讲解及练习.doc

虚拟语气的用法及专项练习题 ?虚拟语气表示一种假设的情况，或一种主观的愿望，即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实，或不可能实现。 一．一般情况下，英语虚拟语气的形式有下列3种： ? 语境 条件从句 主句 例子 1.与现在事实相反 一般过去式：were/did would/should/could/might + do(动词原形) If John had the time, he would make a trip to China to see the Great Wall. If I were you, I would give up drinking immediately. 2.与将来事实相反 (1).???? should+动词原形 (2).????一般过去式：were/did (3)、were to+动词原形 would/should/could/might + do（动词原形） If you should lose, what would you do? If I were to see her tomorrow, I would tell her the truth. If you went there next time, you would see what I mean. 3.与过去事实相反 过去完成时：had+过去分词 would/should/could/might+ have done If I had arrived earlier, I would have seen David 二.、虚拟语气的几种特殊用法 1.虚拟语气的倒装： 将if去掉，谓语动词提前。 如：If I were you, I would give up drinking. =Were I you, I would give up drinking. If I had arrived earlier, I would have seen David. = Had I arrived earlier, I would have seen David. 有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来表示，如： A true friend would not do such a thing. ?(=If he were a true friend, he would...) 3.? 有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致，如： If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be quite all right now. （if从句是对过去的虚拟，主句是对现在的虚拟。） If I were you, I would have gone home. （if从句是对现在的虚拟，主句是对过去的虚拟。）? 三．虚拟语气的其他用法 1、Suggest, advise 等表示“要求”“建议”的动词之后宾语从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下： suggest, advise, recommend, demand, require, insist, urge, request, order, +that…(should )+动词原形 ask, move, propose等 注意：在此结构中that不可省略；should省不省均可。 He suggested that they (should ) stop smoking. 上述动词的名词形式出现时，that 引导的从句仍用虚拟语气。 He made a request that they (should ) stop smoking. 注意： * insist有两个意思，当表示“坚持让某人做某事”（含命令口吻）时，that从句用虚拟，如：He insists that we (should) go home now. 当表示“坚持某种说法”时，that从句用陈述语气。 He insists that he is right. *suggest也有两个意思，当表示“建议”时，that从句用虚拟语气，如：I suggest that we should go home now. 当表示“暗示”时，that从句用陈述语气。如：All the evidence suggests that he stole the money. 所有证据偶读暗示是他偷了钱。 ?2、It is (was )+necessary, a pity 等+that引导的从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下： imperative, advisable,