Chapter9 Energy and Weight .ppt

Environment Overeating Present past eating influences current body wt Increase availability of convenient food, large portions, energy-dense foods Physical Inactivity Modern technology replaces physical activities Physical activity allows people to eat enough food to get needed nutrients Genetics Heredity (twin research, adoptive children research) Leptin (ob protein)—P325-326 Hormone produced by adipose tissue Decreases appetite Increases energy expenditure Central fat pattern produces less leptin than peripheral fat More research needed Health risks of overweight and obesity Heart disease and stroke Hypertension Gallbladder disease—胆囊疾病 Diabetes Sleep apnea—睡眠呼吸暂停 Cancer Osteoarthritis—骨关节炎 Distribution of Body Fat Central Obesity – Abdominal fat (apple shape) with higher risk of Diabetes Type 2, CVD Hip and thigh body fat (pear shape) – less harmful Waist circumference---- high risk Women 35 inches （88.9 cm—2.7尺） Men 40 inches （101.6—3.1尺） “Apple” and “Pear” Body Shapes Compared Visceral Fat and Subcutaneous Fat Average Body Composition Assessing Body Fatness Women = 20-25% Men = 12-20% Underwater (or hydrostatic) weighing BodPod Skinfold thickness—皮褶厚度 Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis-电阻抗分析 DEXA—双重X射线分析 Methods Used to Assess Body Fat Bioelectrical impedance Fatfold measures Air displacement plethysmography Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) Hydrodensitometry Weight Management Weight management is the adoption of healthful and sustainable eating and exercise behaviors indicated for reduced disease risk and improved feelings of energy and well-being Weight Management Perception of weight Setting realistic goals Weight management lifestyle Diet and eating habits Reduce total calories Reduce fat calories Increase complex carbohydrates Improve eating habits Increase physical activity Stress management Self-acceptance Obesity Promoting Environment Fitness Promoting Environment Underweight Definition BMI 18.5 Causes and ass