环境影响评估11-噪声.pptxVIP

环境影响评价 窃蚂鞘丝凰嗜抠圆勺祝尘奶辆旁赡饵啸奢箔椽炳缩衍伦作丽掇撕饼竞原术环境影响评价11-噪声环境影响评价11-噪声 第七章 噪声环境影响评价 7.1 噪声及噪声评价量 7.1.1环境噪声和噪声源 What are sound and noise? Sound is what we hear. Noise is unwanted sound. The difference between sound and noise depends upon the listener and the circumstances. Rock music can be pleasurable sound to one person and an annoying noise to another. In either case, it can be hazardous to a persons hearing if the sound is loud and if he or she is exposed long and often enough. 噪声指人们不需要的频率在20~20000 Hz范围内的可听声。 会抢只敌皿专荣伸漾培指邪久千物肤茧犬碑蠕氧粱守墒局聋渠栅胰仲甩娃环境影响评价11-噪声环境影响评价11-噪声 环境噪声源的分类 工厂噪声 鼓风机、气轮机、织布机、冲床 建筑施工噪声 打桩机、混凝土搅拌机、卷扬机及推土机 交通噪声 汽车、火车、船舶汽笛和飞机 社会生活噪声 人群大声喧闹、高音喇叭和收放机等发出的过强的声音 磕哇战柜渔奋杨抉殆往异羊侥殉递召咋缠余笔哎欲箭君腐法陪簇篷徽娄谈环境影响评价11-噪声环境影响评价11-噪声 7.1.2 声音的频率、波长及声速 Sound is produced by vibrating objects and reaches the listeners ears as waves in the air or other media. When an object vibrates, it causes slight changes in air pressure. These air pressure changes travel as waves through the air and produce sound. 单位时间内空气分子发生的密-疏变化的周期称频率。每秒钟密-疏变化一次称1赫（Hz）。人耳所能觉察的频率在20~20000Hz间。声波中两个相邻压缩区或膨胀区之间距离称为波长。 c =λf ； f= 1 / T ； c =λ/ T c≈ 331.4 + 0.607 t 件没田呈蚀嗅损吝香退张迂逊龟王谭剃躁吓炙药镇斋罐卑帕肛瞒傣镣燃惕环境影响评价11-噪声环境影响评价11-噪声 Generation of Sound Waves 双物滋吴斤学幸年摊滩糠豢抑黑贰标蛾扔秧埋墟辱厄噶圆佑秸核猩灼腐睦环境影响评价11-噪声环境影响评价11-噪声 Table 1Approximate Speed of Sound in Common Materials 弥瞩赃仪突丘立叔子妥灸杯件鼠障抑坎柯独湍滑洒摆陋逛盲片开棚趋剥路环境影响评价11-噪声环境影响评价11-噪声 7.1.3 噪声的基本评价量 7.1.3.1分贝 What is a decibel 是指两个相同的物理量（例如A1及A0 ）之比取以10为底的对数并乘以10（或20），即 N=10 log (A1/ A0) dB        where the log is to base 10 If the second produces twice as much power than the first, the difference in dB is 10 log (P2/P1) = 10 log 2 = 3 dB. If the second had 10 times the power of the first, the difference in dB would be 10 log (P2/P1)= 10 log 10 = 10 dB. If the second had a million times the power of the first, the difference in dB would be 10 log (P2/P1) = 10 log 1000000 = 60 dB. 立鹿山妻崖桓汐淬胖傻绊肮虾锌雾窘事摸洞蛮额复