前庭蜗器The Vestibulocochlear Organ 山东大学医学院解剖教研室.pptVIP

The Vestibulocochlear Organ前庭蜗器 山东大学医学院 解剖教研室 General Features Three parts External ear 外耳: collects sound waves Middle ear 中耳: transmits sound waves Internal ear 内耳: containing the organs of hearing and balanc External Ear 外耳 Auricle 耳郭 External acoustic meatus 外耳道 Tympanic membrane 鼓膜 Auricle 耳郭 External Acoustic Meatus 外耳道 A slender canal that extends from external acoustic pore to tympanic membrane Two parts Cartilaginous part－ lateral 1/3 Bony part－medial 2/3 Lined by a layer of thin skin This S-shaped passage medially, at first forward and upward, then backward and, finally forward and downward In babyhood, it is shorter and more horizontal than in adult Tympanic Membrane 鼓膜 A thin, fibrous membrane that is pearly gray Two parts Flaccid part 松弛部: upper 1/8-1/6 Tense part 紧张部: lower 7/8-5/6 Umbo of tympanic membrane 鼓膜脐 Cone of light 光锥 Middle Ear 中耳 Tympanic cavity 鼓室 Auditory tube 咽鼓管 Mastoid antrum 乳突窦 and mastoid cells 乳突小房 Tympanic Cavity 鼓室 An air-containing cavity in the petrous portion of temporal bone and is lined with mucous membrane Has six walls Walls of Tympanic Cavity  Walls of Tympanic Cavity Roof or tegmental wall 盖壁 Formed by tegmen tympani Separates tympanic cavity from middle cranial fossa Floor or jugular wall 颈静脉壁 separates the cavity from superior bulb of internal jugular vein Walls of Tympanic Cavity Anterior wall or carotid wall 颈动脉壁 Separates tympanic cavity from carotid canal, superiorly lies two openings: Upper opening for tensor tympani muscle Lower opening for auditory tube, which communicates with nasopharynx Walls of Tympanic Cavity Posterior wall or mastoid wall 乳突壁 Aditus of mastoid antrum 乳突窦入口 Pyramidal eminence 锥隆起 Walls of Tympanic Cavity Lateral wall or membranous wall 膜壁 Tympanic membrane Epitympanic recess Walls of Tympanic Cavity Medial wall or labyrinthine wall 迷路壁 Promontory 岬 Fenestra vestibuli 前庭窗:covered by base of stapes Fenestra cochleae 蜗窗 clo