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Unit 4 Reading: Fluidized-bed Combustion of Coal 第四单元 阅读：硫化床煤燃烧 Fluidized-bed combustion of coal has been investigated in a pilot-plant combustion facility. 在实验工厂燃烧装置中已经开始研究煤的硫化床燃烧。 The test bed section has an internal diameter of 0.154 m and an overall height of 3.5 m.试验床是一个直径为0.154米整体高度为3.5米的区域。 Sand with an average particle diameter of 1421μm is used as inert bed material.用平均直径为1421微米的微小沙粒作为惰性床材料 。 The inert bed is heated to a temperature of about 1000 K by two propane burners installed in the preheater and calming sections. 惰性床被安装在预热器和镇定两个部分的两个丙烷燃烧器加热到1000K的高温。 Experiments were conducted for coal-feed rates of 0.83 and l.09 g/s with corresponding bed temperatures of 1220+43 and 1259+34 K for superficial air velocities in the range 0.63～1.07m/s at ambient conditions. 相应床温度在1220+43和1259+34 K时，实验给出的给煤速率是0.83到1.09克每秒，此时环境条件下的表面空气速度在0.63到1.07米每秒之间。 Concentrations of O2, CO, CO2, NOx, and SO2 were monitored in the flue gas, and their variations with operating parameters used to establish optimum combustion conditions. 废气中氧气、一氧化碳、二氧化碳、氮氧化物和二氧化硫的浓聚物是被时刻监测的，并且他们随运行参数的变化被用来建立最优的燃烧条件。 Material and energy balances were employed to compute carbon utilization and thermal combustion and combustion quality efficiencies. 材料和能量的平衡用来计算碳利用率、热燃烧和燃烧质量的效率。 Optimum operating conditions were determined for efficient and environmentally friendly combustion. 最佳的运行条件确定了高效并对环境有利的燃烧。 It is proposed that oxidation of coal nitrogen to NO is a first-order reaction with respect to O2 and a zero-order reaction with respect to coal nitrogen. 有观点认为，无煤氮氧化是关于 氧气 的一阶反应及对煤氮的零阶反应。 Significant kinetic inferences are derived concerning oxidation of coal carbon and sulfur. 重要的动力学推论被用来关注煤炭和硫的氧化。 1. Introduction 导论 Fluidized-bed reactors have been widely used for applications involving exothermic noncatalytic chemical reactions. 流化床反应被广泛用在设计放氧非催化化学反应的应用中。 A recent trend has been to employ such reactors for the incineration of hazardous and low calorific value materials in an environmentall