英语学术论文写作教学课件nn.ppt

and comments with two formats: 1, alternating pattern: result 1 + comment 1; result 2 + comment 2; result 2+ comment 2 1, sequential pattern result 1 + result2+ result 3+comments and comments with two functions: 1,induct some general laws or rules 2, give explanation about results 3,make comparison or analysis in relation to other researches. 1. The following tables show the frequency of clauses, content words, and lexical density for the four samples in this study. The first hypothesis was that there is no significant difference between sample 1 and sample 2 in relation to lexical density (parallel corpora). Based on the statistics in Table 1 below, this hypothesis is rejected as the statistical difference between the two means is significant, i.e. (t=3.207, p .012). In other words, we have a significantly higher lexical density mean, i.e. 7.75 per ranking clause for sample 1 as compared to sample 2, i.e. 6.61 lexical density mean per ranking clause. Example Table 1: Source language (English) and target language (Chinese): samples 1 and 2, parallel texts Content word Content word Clause No. Clause No. Lexical density Lexical density Text English Chinese English Chinese English Chinese 1 253 274 32 45 7.90 6.08 2 391 475 41 60 9.53 7.61 3 467 517 75 79 6.22 6.54 4 323 389 60 66 5.38 5.89 5 346 399 39 59 8.87 6.76 6 299 376 35 51 8.54 7.37 7 366 390 42 63 8.71 6.19 8 295 321 48 57 6.14 5.63 9 459 505 54 68 8.50 7.42 7.75 ? 6.61 Average Average As we can see in the above example, the written text describes and explains the significance of the findings given in the table and a conclusion is made based on the difference between the two averages. The technical language of statistics may not be familiar to most young researchers. This is something that all researchers, especially those who use a quantitative approach, should become familiar with. In many situations the acceptability of the results depends on the statistical significance attached to