工程热力学第三版答案【英文】第9章.docVIP

9-13 The three processes of an air-standard cycle are described. The cycle is to be shown on the P-v and T-s diagrams, and the back work ratio and the thermal efficiency are to be determined. Assumptions 1 The air-standard assumptions are applicable. 2 Kinetic and potential energy changes are negligible. 3 Air is an ideal gas with constant specific heats. Properties The properties of air are given as R = 0.287 kJ/kg.K, cp = 1.005 kJ/kg.K, cv = 0.718 kJ/kg·K, and k = 1.4. Analysis (a) The P-v and T-s diagrams of the cycle are shown in the figures. (b) The temperature at state 2 is During process 1-3, we have During process 2-3, we have The back work ratio is then Heat input is determined from an energy balance on the cycle during process 1-3, The net work output is (c) The thermal efficiency is then 9-21 An air-standard cycle executed in a piston-cylinder system is composed of three specified processes. The cycle is to be sketcehed on the P-v and T-s diagrams; the heat and work interactions and the thermal efficiency of the cycle are to be determined; and an expression for thermal efficiency as functions of compression ratio and specific heat ratio is to be obtained. Assumptions 1 The air-standard assumptions are applicable. 2 Kinetic and potential energy changes are negligible. 3 Air is an ideal gas with constant specific heats. Properties The properties of air are given as R = 0.3 kJ/kg·K and cv = 0.3 kJ/kg·K. Analysis (a) The P-v and T-s diagrams of the cycle are shown in the figures. (b) Noting that Process 1-2: Isentropic compression From ideal gas relation, Process 2-3: Constant pressure heat addition Process 3-1: Constant volume heat rejection (c) Net work is The thermal efficiency is then 9-32 The two isentropic processes in an Otto cycle are replaced with polytropic processes. The heat added to and rejected from this cycle, and the cycle’s thermal efficiency are to be determined. Assumptions 1 The air-standard assumptio