重庆理工大学材料科学基础双语翻译第5章modified翻译.pptVIP

Chapter 5 Diffusion;Materials of all types are often heat treated热处理 to improve their properties性能能. The phenomena现象 that occur发生 during a heat treatment almost通常 always involve 包含atomic diffusion扩散. Often an enhancement真大 of diffusion rate扩散速度 is desired要求; on occasion机会 measures are taken to被 reduce减少 it. Heat-treating temperatures and times, and/or cooling rates 冷却速度are often predictable可预见的 using the mathematics数学运算 of diffusion and appropriate 适当diffusion constants扩散常数. The steel钢制的 gear 齿轮shown on展现在 this page页 has been case 情况hardened变硬 (Section 9.14); that is, its hardness硬度 and resistance to failure抗破坏性 by fatigue疲劳 have been enhanced提高 by diffusing扩散 excess额外 carbon炭 or nitrogen氮 into the outer surface layer表层. ; Grasp the the definition定义 of diffusion and have basic understanding of how diffusion扩散 takes place. Explain some phenomena 现象occurring事件 during a heat treatment热处理 process过程.; ; ;5.1 Introduction介绍;Diffusion couple(扩散偶) that is formed by是由于 joining加入 bars 条of two different metals together so that以至于 there is intimate contact亲密接触 between the two faces. It is illustrated阐明 for copper铜 and nickel镍 in Figure 6.1, which includes包括 schematic representations示意表示图 of atom positions位置 and composition作文 across the interface界面. This couple力偶 is heated 加热for an extended period延长期 at an elevated temperature温度升高 (but below the melting temperature熔解温度 of both metals), and cooled to room temperature冷于室温. ;;Fig.6.2 (a) A copper-nickel白铜 diffusion couple扩散偶 after a high-temperature heat treatment热处理额, showing the alloyed合金 diffusion zone扩散区.(b) Schematic representations 表意示意图of Cu (colored circles) and Ni (gray circles) atom locations位置 within the couple力偶.(c) Concentrations关注点 of copper铜 and nickel 镍as a function函数 of position 位置across the couple力偶.;Interdifusion;Self-diffusion;Review;1. Please give the definition定义 of dislocation位错. Cite the difference between mechanical机械的 and annealing twins孪晶退火. Briefly短暂的 explain the difference between self-di