英语语法--句子成分.pptVIP

句法（一） ---by Elena 句子成分 定义：构成句子的各部分叫做句子的成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分。 主要成分：主语、谓语 次要成分：宾语、定语、状语、表语、补足语、同位语 句子成分 常用词性 主语 subject 名词、代词 谓语 predicate 动词 宾语 object 名词、代词 定语 attribute 形容词、数次等 状语 adverbial 副词 表语 predicative 形容词、名词 补足语 complement 名词、形容词、副词、短语等 同位语 appositive 名词、关系词、副词、状语等 examples 1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday. 主 语 谓 语 宾语 定语 同位语 状语 2. We saw a wonderful film yesterday evening. 3. English has become very useful in the world. 一、主语（SUBJECT） Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry. Four plus four is eight. Smoking is bad for health. The young should respect the old. What he has said is true. 找出主语： The sun rises in the east. 名词 He likes traveling. 代词 Twenty years is a short time in history. 数词 To see is to believing. It is very clear that English is important in traveling. It形式主语，从句主语是真正主语 不定式 二、谓语 (PREDICATE) 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. He has caught a bad cold. She doesn’t seem to like dancing. 三、宾语 （OBJECT）动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语 宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语指物，间接宾语指人。 eg. He gave me some books. ↓ 间 接 宾 语 ↓ 直 接 宾 语 找出宾语： Please pass me the book. → 直接宾语： the book 间接宾语： me They enjoyed traveling abroad. → 宾语： traveling abroad 四、定语（ATTRIBUTE）修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句 He is a clever boy. There are 54 students in our class. There is a sleeping baby in bed. (形容词) (数词) (现在分词) 五、状语（ ADVERBIAL ）表状态（时间、地点、原因等） I will be back in a while. They are playing on the playground. He was late because he got up late. He got up so late that I missed the train. 六、表语（ PREDICATIVE）系动词后的成分，表主语的性质、特征、状态 常见系动词: be(am/is/are/were/was), appear, look, seem feel, smell, taste, sound, keep, turn, become get, grow, come, go…… 系动词不用于被动语态. The apple tastes sweet. 找出表语： The war was over. They seem to know the truth. Time is precio