化工专业英语特点及命名法.ppt

命名规则十分复杂，其基本思想是使所得CRU最简单。可参阅“IUPAC”命名规则 a) 基于来源的命名法(Nomenclature based on source) 特点：最简单，尤其适于由一种单体构成的聚合物 命名：在单体名前加“poly”(中间不用space or hyphen相连) Eg. 乙烯ethylene ?聚乙烯polyethylene 乙醛acetaldehyde?聚乙醛polyacetaldehyde * 如果单体名是在母体上取代(Substituted parent name)， 或由多个单词组成或名字特别长, 在“poly”以后加上圆括号 Eg. 3-methyl-1-pentene ?poly(3-methyl-1-pentene) 3－甲基－1－戊烯?聚（3－甲基－1－戊烯） Vinyl chloride ?poly(vinyl chloride) *通常使用时，圆括号经常被省去，这样做是不合适的，有时会导致所命名的聚合物结构上不明确。 Eg: polyethylene oxide ? poly(ethylene oxide) ? ethylene oxide:乙撑氧 *有时采用“假想单体” 如PVA（聚乙烯醇）poly(vinyl alcohol) 来源： vinyl alcohol ?acetaldehyde(乙醛) 的异构体(tautomer) 对于缩聚产物，如果只由一种单体反应而成，则命名方式相似如由氨基酸(amino acid) 或羟基酸(hydroxyacid) 缩合而成的聚酰胺(polyamide) 或聚酯(polyester) 6-aminocaproic acid (6-氨基己酸) 也可命名为：poly(ε-caprolactam) *这种方法也不可能给出唯一的命名，但使用简便，且大部分情况下可用。 *现在某些期刊对于聚合物命名作出了规定(recommended nomenclature)，将这种命名方法认为是： *“Source-based nomenclature for homopolymers” Polymer International NAMES OF POLYMERS Names are either (a) source-based or (b) structure-based. (1)基于来源的聚合物 a.基于来源的均聚物命名. Generally the prefix poly is followed by the name of the monomer, e.g. polystyrene, polyacrylonitrile, polyformaldehyde, polypropene. If the name of the monomer consists of more than one word, as with esters, parentheses are employed, e.g. poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(vinyl chloride), poly(phenyleneoxide) （聚苯醚）. b.基于来源的共聚物命名 These are similar to names of homopolymersbut at least two monomer names are involved with a connective between them to indicate the nature of the structure of the copolymer. The connectives are written in italic script and those recommended are: -co-, -stat-, -ran-, -alt-, -per-, -block-and -graft-for, respectively, unspecified, statistical, random, alternating, periodic, block and graft copolymers. Examples are: poly(styrene-stat-acrylonitrile（丙烯腈）), poly[(methyl methacrylate)-graft-poly(vinyl chloride)], poly[styrene-alt-(maleicanhydride)], polystyrene-block-polybutadiene. 2.基于结构的命名法(Nomenclatur