卫星定位理论与方法-第13次课-伪随机码测距原理.ppt

How Does GPS Work? 5 Steps to GPS Trilateration from satellites By measuring distance from several satellites you can calculate your position Trilateration One measurement narrows down our position to the surface of a sphere Trilateration Second measurement narrows it down to intersection of two spheres Trilateration Third measurement narrows to just two points Trilateration Fourth measurement will decide between two points. Trilateration In practice 3 measurements are enough We can discard one point One point will be a ridiculous answer How Does GPS Work? 5 Steps to GPS Satellite Ranging Measuring the distance to a satellite Done by measuring travel time of radio signals Speed-of-Light Measurement Measure how long it takes the GPS signal to get to us Multiply that time by 186,000 miles/sec Time (sec) x 186,000 = miles If youve got good clocks, all you need to know is exactly when signal left satellite How do we know when the signal left the satellite? One of the Clever Ideas of GPS: Use same code at receiver and satellite Synchronize satellites and receivers so theyre generating same code at same time Then we look at the incoming code from the satellite and see how long ago our receiver generated the same code Why a code? Code lets many satellites operate on same frequency Code gives us a way to increase signal-to-noise ratio How Does GPS Work? 5 Steps to GPS Accurate clocks necessary to measure travel time Making sure both receiver and satellite are synchronized Whole system depends on very accurate clocks Satellites have atomic clocks Accurate but expensive Ground receivers just need consistent clocks The secret is in an extra satellite measurement that adjusts the receiver clock The ideal situation (accurate clocks) In 2 dimensions for sake of drawing Adding a third measurement (accurate clocks) With fast clock Third measurement (fast clocks) Won’t go through the other two How Does GPS Work? 5 Steps to GPS Knowing where the satellites are Afte