细胞器内质网中.pptVIP

细胞器与疾病（分子医学）;A mammalian cell;Nucleus;Nuclear Membranes; The Nuclear Pore Complexes form a continuous aqueous channel between cytoplasm nucleoplasm ;The Nucleolus;Endoplasmic Reticulum;KEDLR-GFP;The Endoplasmin Reticulum (ER) is an extensive, extra-nuclear membrane system with the following functions:;Rough and Smooth ER;The rough ER manufactures membranes and secretory proteins ;ER function-related diseases;Mitochondria;Mitochondria (singular: mitochondrion) are the sites of aerobic respiration, and generally are the major energy production center in eukaryotes ;Mitochondria are a double membrane organelle in which the inner membrane is in-folded to form “cristae”. ;Four possible localization for mitochondrial enzymes;The Golgi Complex;Located near cell nucleus, consists of flattened, membrane-bounded sacs (cisternae) forming a stack ;The function of the Golgi is to transport and process secreted and membrane proteins from ER to the cell surface;Vesicular Transport;Golgi structure/function/-related diseases;HNE induces Golgi Fragments;The Endocytic Pathway;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;Lysosomes;1、初级溶酶体 直径约0.2~0.5um膜厚7.5nm，内含物均一，无明显颗粒，是高尔基体分泌形成的（如右图）。含有多种水解酶，但没有活性，只有当溶酶体破裂，或其它物质进入，才有酶活性。其水解酶包括蛋白酶，核酸酶、脂酶、磷酸酶、硫酸酯酶、磷脂酶类，已知60余种，这些酶均属于酸性水解酶，反应的最适PH值为5左右，溶酶体膜虽然与质膜厚度相近，但成分不同，;2、次级溶酶体 这些都是消化泡，正在进行或完成消化作用的溶酶体，内含水解酶和相应的底物，可分为自噬溶酶体（autophagolysosome）和异噬溶酶体（phagolysosome），前者消化的物质来自细胞本身的各种组分,后者消化的物质来自外源。;3、残体 又称后溶酶体（post-lysosome）已失去酶活性，仅留未消化的残渣故名，残体可通过外排作用排出细胞，也可能留在细胞内逐年增多，如肝细胞中的脂褐质（如右图）。;Lysosomes Lysosomes are active in recycling the cells organic material and in the intracellular digestion of macromolecules. Lysosomes contain various hydrolytic enzymes that are capable of digesting nucleic acids, polysaccharides, fats and proteins. The inside of a lysosome is acidic. In humans, a variety of inherited conditions can affect lysosomes. These defects are called storage diseases. Peo