文体学4-graphology.pptVIP

山中山路轉山崖，山客山僧山裡來。 山客看山山景好，山杏山桃滿山開。 山 山 山 遠 花 山 山 路 草 雲 接 山 山 又 猿飛 綠 鳥 樹 山 深 客 片 抱 偷 澄 僧 林 片 繞 僧 樹 請 澄 飯 山 山 吟 客 尋 讀法： 山遠路又深，山花接樹林。山雲飛片片，山草綠澄澄。 山鳥偷僧飯，山猿抱樹吟。 山僧請山客，山客繞山尋。 Punctuation School’s out Girls scream, Boys shout; Dogs bark, School’s out Cats run, Horses shy; Into trees Birds fly. Babes wake open-eyed If they can, Tramps hide. Old man, Hobble home; Merry mites, Welcome. Conclusion Form is the way that meaning is expressed. It is also full of information. The graphological design is part of the meaning. The Chinese poems also show the ancient wisdom and the beauty in the graphological design which is peculiar to the Chinese language. Graphological deviations Introduction Various aspects of design in graphology are resources which can be utilized for communicative purposes. graphological features They are the punctuation, capitalization, spelling, paragraphing, italicizing, spacing, headlining, etc. Size of print and capitalization in newspaper layouts; various type sizes and styles in dictionaries; placement of blocks in legal documents; special line lengths in poetry; different density of punctuation in different texts, etc. Punctuation Exclamation Dash Quotation Capital and italics Exclamation marks 1. A vocative used with an exclamation mark represents urgent warning or command. “Nicholas!” said his uncle sharply. “Nicholas,” said his mother softly. 2. An exclamation mark ending an imperative sentence adds to the urgent force of a command. Shut the door! 3. The combination of question and exclamation marks specializes the writer’s doubt or surprise about certain language items What?! He said I was his best (?!) friend. 4.Excessive use of exclamation marks is often considered as a sign of frivolous and immature writing; the use of more than one exclamation mark is a feature of very informal writing. Dash 1.Dash is consid