DEM高差控制下地形鞍部点提取.docVIP

毕 业 设 计（论 文） 基于DEM的高差控制下地形鞍部点提取研究 专业年级 04地理信息系统专业 学 号 姓 名 张 维 指导教师 汤国安 佘远见 评 阅 人 二○○八年六月 中国 南京摘 要 从DEM 数据中自动提取其中所隐含的地形结构信息（地形特征点线），一直是地学研究领域的一个重要课题。随着地理信息系统的快速发展，在DEM基础上，借助现代GIS工具实施快速、高效的地形特征点线提取已成为可能。作为重要的地形特征点，鞍部点有着特殊的地貌形态特征，其提取研究仍有待进一步加强。 本文利用陕西省黄土梁状丘陵沟壑、黄土峁状丘陵沟壑等主要地貌类型1：1万和1：5万的DEM数据，基于ArcGIS软件平台，运用形态特征结合径流模拟原理的分析方法，在正地形指导下进行山脊线提取，并在山脊线基础上借助反地形剖分方法实现高差控制下鞍部点提取，进而讨论山顶到鞍部点间高差阈值对鞍部点提取的影响，分析鞍部点对地形的控制作用，探讨高差控制下鞍部点提取方法的数据适用性。同时，根据地貌形态分类原理，结合样区地貌条件确定合适的山顶到鞍部高差阈值进行鞍部点提取，分析在怎样的高差阈值下提取鞍部点能体现出不同地貌类型之间的地形差异。 研究结果表明，高差阈值对鞍部点提取有着规律性影响，应当注重不同地貌形态类型的合适山顶点到鞍部高差阈值的研究，进一步充实和完善鞍部点提取与分析方法。 关键词：DEM 高差阈值 地形鞍部点 地貌形态分类Abstract In the study area of geography, it is always a significant topic to extract information of terrain structure automatically from DEM. With the rapid development of Geographical Information System, it ensures the extraction of terrain feature points and lines quickly and effectively based on DEM by using tools of GIS. As the important terrain feature points, saddles has special characteristic and the research on its extraction is to be promoted into a comprehensive and further stage. In the paper, the saddles have been extracted aided by ArcGIS in the hillock and mountainous area in Shanxi province based on 1:10,000 and 1:50,000 DEMs. The extraction of saddles based on DEM including the following key points. First ridgelines were extracted under the guidance of the morphologic analysis combined with hydrology simulation. Then the method of invert terrain partition is used to extract saddles under the control of elevation difference based on ridgelines, and the saddles appear where the border of patches intersecting with ridgelines, so that we can discuss the influence of elevation difference and analysis the how saddles control terrain. At the same time, according to the principle of geomorphological classification, we select the proper elevation diff