机械通气常见报警课件.ppt

* * * * If a patient desaturates while on a mechanical ventilator it is important to consider both patient causes and equipment causes. Increase the inspired oxygen concentration to 100% and quickly check that the patient’s chest is still moving before going on to a more detailed examination. * If the chest is not moving it may be a problem with the ventilator but this is unusual. In this situation the patient will be easy to ventilate manually. If the chest is not moving and the patient is not easy to ventilate then the problem is similar to a high airway pressure problem. * More commonly the chest is still moving. A detailed examination of the chest should be carried out looking in particular for endobronchial intubation, pneumothorax, collapse, pulmonary oedema and bronchospasm. In addition patient ventilator dysynchrony may result in desaturation. * If a patient desaturates while on a mechanical ventilator it is important to consider both patient causes and equipment causes. Increase the inspired oxygen concentration to 100% and quickly check that the patient’s chest is still moving before going on to a more detailed examination. If the chest is not moving it may be a problem with the ventilator but this is unusual. In this situation the patient will be easy to ventilate manually. If the chest is not moving and the patient is not easy to ventilate then the problem is similar to a high airway pressure problem. More commonly the chest is still moving. A detailed examination of the chest should be carried out looking in particular for endobronchial intubation, pneumothorax, collapse, pulmonary oedema and bronchospasm. In addition patient ventilator dysynchrony may result in desaturation. 氧合下降 单侧插管 意外拔管/脱机 呼吸机故障 氧源故障 导致低氧性呼吸功能衰竭的所有原因 肺栓塞 气胸 氧合下降 胸廓运动? 调FiO2=1.0 氧合下降 胸廓运动? 调FiO2=1.0 人工通气 通气容易? 呼吸机故障 ETT/患者问题气道阻力升高 或顺应性降低 治疗病因? 调整呼吸机设置 Yes No 检查设置 与功能 No 氧合下降 胸廓运动? 调FiO2=1.0 体格检查 特别注意: 单侧插管气胸 肺不张 肺水肿 支气管痉挛 治疗病因? 调整呼吸机设置 Yes 氧合下降 胸廓运动? 调FiO2=1.0 人工通气 通气容易? 呼吸机故障