学生做作全英文文献综述.docVIP

学生做作全英文文献综述 The mechanism of bacteria’s drug-resistance (Chunyong Ding,Xiaorong Yu,Xiaojian Wang,Xiaoling Hu, Chaonan Zheng, Xianfeng Miao, Yanyan Shi) China Pharmaceutical University, 01401 ABSTRACT: Considering the increasing bacteria’s drug-resistance, In order to deal with this problem, we briefly discuss the general principle of the drug-resistance. We expound it in three parts:(1) Preventing the drug from getting into the cell. (2) Producing special enzymes.(3) Changing the target. In this article, we try to explain the essential structure and substance which are responsible for bacteria’s drug-resistance. When it’s necessary, we may go deeply into the level of atomic, bond and molecular configuration. In the end of the article, we also expound solutions to the drug resistance. KEY WORDS: Bacteria’s drug-resistance; PBPs; The efflux pump; Beta-lactamase Since the discovery of penicillin, the antibiotics have served as effective arms against bacteria. But now the situation is changing: because of the abuse of the antibiotics, more and more bacteria become drug-resistance and also they can develop their resistance to the drug in a very short time, as we can see from the picture below:  And another big conscious: vancomycin ,a last defense against bacteria, which is called “last resort” is breaking apart! Vancomycin-resistant enterococci was first reported in England and France in 1987, and appeared in one New York City hospital in 1989. By 1991, 38 hospitals in the United States had reported the bug. A frightening report came in 1992, when a British researcher observed a transfer of a vancomycin-resistant gene from enterococcus to Staph aureus in the laboratory. Just imagine that if the vancomycin resistance has spread widely, what should we do?  There is no doubt that we are in a very serious situation, lots of work is needed to deal with such problems. First we’d better learn how the drug-resistance rises? Under the selective pressure, it’s a natura