大口黑鲈营养需要探究进展.docVIP

大口黑鲈营养需要探究进展 　　摘要 综述了典型淡水肉食性鱼类大口黑鲈营养需要的研究进展。蛋白质的营养需要量37%，以40%为宜；脂肪为7%～16%，7%～10%最佳；碳水化合物不宜超过20%。赖氨酸、蛋氨酸的需要量分别为4.9、1.9 g/100 g蛋白质。根据理想蛋白质模型推测，100 g饲料蛋白质含精氨酸6.31 g、组氨酸1.31 g、异亮氨酸2.59 g、亮氨酸5.02 g、蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸2.10 g、苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸4.38 g、苏氨酸2.74 g、色氨酸0.56 g、缬氨酸2.90 g蛋白质时，可满足大口黑鲈各生长阶段的必需氨基酸需要量。必需脂肪酸、维生素和矿物质需要量的研究暂未见有报道。根据对淡水鱼类必需脂肪酸需要量的已有报道，建议大口黑鲈饲料中n-3和n-6系列脂肪酸的含量在0.5%～1.0%，但有关脂肪酸、维生素和矿物质等定量需要尚需进一步研究。同时，需加强大口黑鲈对常见饲料蛋白源、脂肪源及糖源利用率的研究，结果可为高效人工饲料的研发提供必要的参考。 关键词 大口黑鲈；营养需要；进展 中图分类号 S965.211 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739（2011）21-0312-05 Research Advances on Nutrient Requirements of Micropterus Salmoides LI Er-chao CHEN Li-qiao * （School of Life Science，East China Normal University，Shanghai 200062） Abstract The nutrient requirements of Micropterus salmoides were reviewed in this paper. Dietary protein requirement of largemouth bass is no less than 37%，and the optimal level is 40%.7%～16% lipid can be included in the diet，but the optimal level is 7%～10%.Carbohydrate level should be no more than 20%. The reported values for dietary lysine and methionine were 4.9，1.9 g/100 g protein. The deduced requirement values of other essential amino acids by using the ideal protein concept were arginine 6.31 g，histidine1.31 g，isoleucine 2.59 g，leucine 5.02 g，methionine+cysteine 2.10 g，phenylalanine+tyrosine 4.38 g，threonine 2.74 g，tryptophan 0.56 g，and valine 2.90 g in 100 g protein，which can meet the dietary requirements of Micropterus salmoides at different growth stages. The requirements of essential fatty acids，vitamins，and minerals have not been determined yet. According the reported values of the essential fatty acids requirements from other freshwater fish species，0.5%～1.0% either linoleic or lenolenic acids should be incorporated in the diet of Micropterus salmoides. For cost-effective feed development for Micropterus salmoides，besides the studies on the essen-tial fatty acids，vitamins and minerals requirements，more research should be conducted on the commonly used protein，lipid and ca