凝固过程控制.PPT

Figure 5.30 * Anomalous adj.不规则的, 反常的（角闹末乐斯） The presence of a temperature gradient, which result in the directional freezing, is necessary for a significant build-up of segregation. The presence of a temperature gradient, which result in the directional freezing, is necessary for a significant build-up of segregation. Figure 5.32a This kind of positive segregation applies only to planar front freezing. 平界面凝固可以形成这种正偏析. Cause: Gravity segregation (channel segregate) Mechanism: The segregated liquid in the dendrite mesh moved under the influence of gravity. It had a density that was in general different from that of the bulk liquid. Thus the lighter liquid floated and the heavier sank. 6.4.3 The formation of the equiaxed cone at the base of the ingots Figure 5.30 Normal dendrite segregation arising as a result of the combined actions of solute rejection and shrinkage during solidification in a temperature gradient. 图 5.30 溶质析出和凝固收缩的双重作用导致形成正常的枝晶偏析。 * Dendrite segregation is usually misleadingly called inverse segregation on account of it appearing anomalous in comparison to planar front segregation and the normal pattern of positive segregation seen in the centres of large ingots. 枝晶偏析常常被人们错误地称为“逆偏析”或“反常偏析”，这主要是因为与平界面偏析和在大型铸锭心部看到的正偏析的通常模式相比有些反常。 * (3) The presence of a temperature gradient and dendrite solidification is necessary for the formation of the dendritic segregation. 枝晶偏析形成的心要条件是存在温度梯度和枝晶凝固。 6.3.2 Dendritic segregation in different castings (1) Sand castings: 砂铸件 * Dendritic segregation is observable but is not normally severe in sand castings. 在砂铸件中可观察到枝晶偏析，但通常并不严重。 (2) Castings that have been made in metal moulds: 金属型中铸件的凝固 Dendritic segregation is clear. 枝晶偏析明显. (3) Some phenomenon due to dendritic segregation Tin sweat: In some alloys with very long freezing ranges, such as tin bronze, the contraction of the casting in the solid state and/or the evolution of dissolved gases in the interior of the casting causes almost neat e