大城市住房建设中的空间失配及其成因解析--以上海市为例 spatial mismatch of housing construction in large cities its formation interpretation：a case study of shanghai.pdfVIP

城市研究 | 116 大城市住房建设中的空间失配及其成因解析 ——以上海市为例 Spatial Mismatch of Housing Construction in Large Cities Its Formation Interpretation: A Case Study of Shanghai 彭敏学 　　　 文章编号1673-8985（2014）01-0116-06 中图分类号TU984 文献标识码A 摘 要 试图从空间失配角度解读上海大都市区化进程 中的住房 问题 ，并提出政策建议 。立足统计数据 ，采用空间偏离指数与空间断面分析法 对住房建设展开研究 ，发现住房制度改革以来增量住房建设的空间偏离、公共服务设施的极化供给、轨道交通建设 问题都导致了住房 建设的空间失配。这在推高房价、导致低收入群体空间锁定的同时 ，也降低 了 “多中心 ”规划实践的空间绩效 。结论是 ：过于单一的商 品化供应、缺乏协调的住房行动、圈层蔓延的空间拓展都是住房空间失配的重要成因；意图解决大城市住房困境的政策干预需要破解 住房建设中存在的空间失配困境 ；而这有赖于中观层面居住 、就业等功能的空间藕合与微观层面 “多层次”住房供应的有效结合 。 Abstract This article aims to interpret Shanghai’s housing problems in the spatial mismatch context during its metropolitanization,and put forward corresponding policy suggestions.By probing into the spatial characteristic of statistical data,it is found that since housing reform, the misplacement of incremental housing construction and centralized public service supply as well as the mistakes in transit network’s layout coherently lead to the spatial mismatch of housing supply. As a result, this process boosts the supply-demand contradiction, pushes up housing price, results in the “Spatial Lock-in” of low income group and weakens the performance of planning practice of polycentric structure. The conclusion of this article is that over commoditized housing supply, disintegrated development actions and acculative incremental sprawl of housing construction all contribute to the formation of the spatial mismatch in housing supply. The policy needs to ameliorate housing dilemma of spatial mismatch by promoting the spatial coupling of residence and employment function and its accordance with multi-layer housing supply. 关