中国传媒大学数字信号处理的.pptVIP

Copyright ? 2005. Shi Ping CUC Chapter 5Digital Filter Structures Introduction Introduction Introduction IIR Filter Structures IIR Filter Structures IIR Filter Structures IIR Filter Structures IIR Filter Structures IIR Filter Structures IIR Filter Structures FIR Filter Structures FIR Filter Structures FIR Filter Structures FIR Filter Structures FIR Filter Structures FIR Filter Structures FIR Filter Structures Problems It requires a complex arithmetic implementation It is possible to obtain an alternate realization in which only real arithmetic is used. This realization is derived using the symmetric properties of the DFT and the factor. It has poles on the unit circle, which makes this filter critically unstable We can avoid this problem by sampling H(z) on a circle |z|=r where the radius r is very close to one but is less than one. jIm[z] Re[z] unit circle By using the symmetric properties of the DFT and the factor, a pair of single-pole filters can be combined to form a single two-pole filter with real-valued parameters. For poles h(n) is a real-valued sequence, so So the kth and (N-k)th resonant filters can be combined to form a second-order section with real-valued coefficients If N is even, the filter has a pair of real-valued poles If N is odd, the filter has a single real-valued pole jIm[z] Re[z] N is even |z|=r jIm[z] Re[z] N is odd |z|=r second-order section b1k z-1 z-1 b0k first-order sections z-1 r z-1 r N is even N is odd Fast convolution form x(n): N1-point sequence h(n): N2-point sequence L ≥ N1 + N2 - 1 return L-point DFT L-point DFT L-point IDFT return return 可参考教材P92～94 请同学参考P93~94划线部分的文字。 Block diagram Signal-flow graph 当MN，但M不等于N时，见教材P201（式5－7） 直接I型需要M+N级延时单元。 直接II型需要N级延时单元 直接II型比直接I型节省存储单元（软件实现），或节省寄存器（硬件实现） 不论I型还是II型，其共同缺点是系数对滤波器的性能控制作用不明显，这是因为它们与系统函数的零极点关系不明显。 见教材P199 但不论是直接I型还是直接II型，其共同的缺点是系数对滤波器的性能控制作用不明显，这是因为它们与系统函数的零极点关系不明确因而调整困难。 另外，这两种结构极点对系数的变化过于敏感，从而使系统频率响应对系数的变化过于灵敏，也就是对有限精度（有限字长）运算过于灵敏，容易出现不