英国纽卡斯尔大学生理学5.pptVIP

30/01/2002 PSC105/10 30/01/2002 PSC101/105 CVS1 Cardiovascular System Synopsis Functions of the cardiovascular system Anatomy and function of the heart Anatomy of the vascular system Resistance and flow: Distribution of blood in the vascular system The cardio-vascular system Heart Two pumps in series Circulations (two in series) Systemic, high pressure (body) Pulmonary, low pressure (lung) Closed system The heart * * apex base Atria collect blood from veins Ventricles receive blood from atria and expel blood into the aorta or the pulmonary artery Anatomy of the heart left atrium (filling) right atrium (filling) left ventricle (pump) right ventricle (pump) Pulmonary vein Vena cava Pulmonary artery Aorta Bicuspid (mitral) valve Tricuspid valve Pulmonary valve Aortic valve Septum Blood flow through the heart Heart valves First heart sound: caused by atrioventricular valves - Bicuspid/Mitral (B) and Tricuspid (T).Second heart sound caused by semilunar valves -- Aortic (A) and Pulmonary/ Pulmonic (P). The heart sounds Murmurs are abnormal heart sounds produced as a result of turbulent blood flow. Commonly from narrowing or leaking of valves. Front of thorax, showing surface relations of bones, lungs (purple), pleura (blue), and heart (red outline). Heart valves are labeled with B, T, A, and P. aortic stenosis, aortic insufficiency mitral stenosis, mitral insufficiency Starr-Edwards aortic valve, model 2400This model improved upon the first of its type, introduced in 1961. Similar models in use today are proving durable and reliable. Bjork-Shiley tilting disc valveThis type of valve causes less turbulence in blood flow than the larger ball valves. But blood clots and structural failures did occur with this model. St. Jude Medical bileaflet valveThis valve was introduced in 1977 and is still being used today. When open, it causes minimal resistance to blood flow. Pig tissue valveTo avoid the problems of blood clots caused by mechanical valves, resea