国际环境法高等数学.pptVIP

International Environmental Law; I had a dream, which was not all a dream. The bright sun was extinguished, And the stars Did wander…… Byron, “Darkness”;1815: the Island of Sumbawa in Indonesia, a dormant volcano named Tambora erupted suddenly. Intensity: sixty thousand Hiroshima-sized AB. Casualties: hundreds of thousands or 100 thousands ;Consequences: Two hundred and forty cubic kilometers of smoky ash, dust and grit had diffused through the atmosphere, obscuring the Sun’s rays and causing the Earth to cool. The world existed under an oppressive, dusky pall.;After-effects on Environment: 1816 became a year without summer. Ireland: famine and associated typhoid epidemic killed 65,000. New England: 18,000 were frozen to death and morning frost continued until June of that year. Caused by: less than 1 degree Celsius fell, leading to understand the natural thermostat is exceedingly fragile.;Conclusion 1. Environmental issue is an inter-locked problem, not isolated one. 2. Environmental issue needs cross-disciplinary co-operation. 3. Environmental issue has no border restrictions, facing the global as a whole.;The definition of IEL International environmental law is a relatively recent branch of international law concerned with the preservation and enhancement of the global environment, which, generally speaking, should include such topics as ozone depletion, climate change, and loss of biological diversity.;How IEL operates To tackle the environmental deterioration on the global basis, states have, step by step, developed a network of agreements and institutions, as well as certain legal principles unique to this field of international law. ;The Treaty Mechanism for IEL Concerning this subject, we can trace back to as early as 19th century. At that time, some far-sighted people have openly expressed their environmental concerns on protecting fauna in certain area. Yet most contemporary IEL arose after the 1960’s. ;Stockholm Conference on Environment 1. Time: 1972