国际贸易ChapterIntroductiontoInternationalTrade高等数学.pptVIP

The Contents of Chapter 1 1.1 What Is International Trade? INTERNATIONAL TRADE: The economic interaction among different nations involving the exchange of goods and services, that is, exports and imports. The guiding principle of international trade is comparative advantage, which indicates that every country, no matter their level of development, can find something that it can produce cheaper than another country. Some concepts: Foreign Trade: From the perspective of one country, international trade is also called ‘foreign trade’. Export and Import: International trade can also understood as ‘export and import of goods or technology or service’. Tangible goods: Goods that can be seen and touched. They account for the most percentage of international trade. Visible Trade: ?Trade in goods which can be actually seen passing through ports or airport, entering or leaving one country. Invisible trade: Trade in services and technologies Major Categories of International Trade Merchandise exports and imports (also referred to as visible trade). Service exports and imports (also referred to as invisible trade)：tourism, transportation, performance of services and use of assets. Investments: foreign direct investment( FDI) and portfolio investment(间接投资,证券投资). Combination of visible invisible trade：international processing trade, international leasing. 1.2. Why International Trade?  Numerous reasons for international trade: Some countries are deficient in critical raw materials, such as lumber or oil. To make up for these various deficiencies, countries must engage in international trade to obtain the resources necessary to produce the goods and/or services desired by their citizens. In addition to trading for raw materials, nations also exchange a wide variety of processed foods and finished products. Each country has its own specialties that are based on its economy and the skills of its citizens. Three common specialty classifications are