世界历史(英文).docxVIP

French history from 1796 to 1940Map of French Empire at its HeightNapoléon 1769 - 1795Napoléon 1769 - 1795Napoléon 1795 - 1804Napoléon 1804 - 1814Napoléon 1814 - 1821The 1st Republic [1792-1804]? The National Convention of the French Revolution [Sept 1792-1795] (Fall of Robspierre on July 27, 1794; end of the reign of terror)?? The Directory [1795-1799] (5 Directors.? Coup d’Etat by Napoléon Bonaparte on Nov. 9, 1799)?? The First Consul [1799-1804] (Napoléon Bonaparte seized power and was made Consul for life in 1802)?The 1st Empire [1804-1814]?Brief:?1799 - Napoleon Bonaparte, returning from Egypt, via Fréjus, seized power in a coup détat on 18 Brumaire day (by the new French calendar),and headed the new Consulat.?He created a new army, using able-bodied Frenchmen rather than the upperclass and nobility.?He began his bid for power, eventually controlling most of western Europe (except Britain and Portugal).?1812 - Napoleon was bogged down in snows of the Russian winter.?1814, April - Defeated by an overwhelming force of Austrian, English, Prussian and Swedish troops, Napoleon was exiled to Elba, embarking at Fréjus.?1815 - Napoleon escaped from Elba and set out on the Route Napoléon to recover the world he had lost.?1815 (18 June) - He fought his final battle at Waterloo, against Arthur Wellesley, the first Duke of Wellington, and was exiled to Saint Helena off the coast of Africa.?1821 - Napoleon died in exile, but is remembered for his glories?The Restoration of the Bourbons [1814-1848]?? Louis XVIII [1814-1824] (Brother of Louis XVI; Napoleon was exiled to Elbe)?? Charles X [1824-1830] (Brother of Louis XVI and XVIII;? Was deposed by the July, 1830 Revolution)?? Louis-Philippe I, the Citizen King [1830-1848] (Son of Philippe d’Orléans; abdicated Feb. 24, 1848)?The 2nd Republic [1848-1852]? Louis Napoléon Bonaparte [1848-1852] (Nephew of Napoléon I; Elected president Dec. 10, 1848; Accomplished a coup d’Etat Dec. 2, 1851)?The 2nd Empire [1852-1870]? Napoléon III