起搏器程控小讲座课件.ppt

Dual-chamber pacing requires attention to these parameters: Lower rate AV and V-A intervals Upper rates Refractory periods Blanking periods In order to provide optimal hemodynamic benefit to the patient, dual-chamber pacemakers strive to mimic the normal heart rhythm. In dual-chamber pacemakers, the lower rate is the rate at which the pacemaker will pace the atrium in the absence of intrinsic atrial activity. Similar to single-chamber timing, the lower rate can be converted to a lower rate interval (A-A interval), or the longest period of time allowed between atrial events. The SAV is usua