unit1 period 3 必修1 秋学期高中同步复习ppt_.ppt

Period 3　Grammar Ⅰ.定义 直接引述别人的原话叫直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。 直接引语如果改为间接引语，须在语序、人称、时态、状语、个别指示代词和动词等方面做相应的变化。 Ⅱ.几个方面的变化 1．句型变化 (1)请观察下面句子： He said，“I saw her last night.”→He said that he had seen her the night before. 归纳总结：如果直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，应将直接引语改为用that引导的宾语从句，而且在不引起歧义时that可以省略。此时语序不变。 (2)请观察下列句子： He said，“Are you ready？”→He asked(us)if we were ready. 归纳总结：如果直接引语为一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，须用连接词whether或if引导，使其成为宾语从句。如果主句中的谓语动词为said，则将其改为asked。如果谓语动词后没有间接宾语，也可以加上一个间接宾语me，him，her，us或them等。 (3)请观察下列句子： She said to Tom，“How are you feeling now？”→She asked Tom how he was feeling then. 归纳总结：如果直接引语是特殊疑问句，仍用特殊疑问句中的疑问词作为连接词引出间接引语中的宾语从句，但须将疑问语序改为陈述语序。 2．时态的变化 若主句谓语动词为现在时态，则从句的时态不需变化，若主句谓语动词为过去时态，则间接引语从句的时态变为相应的过去某种时态，一般为向前推一个时态。 科目一考试网 / 科目一模拟考试2016科目四考试网 / 科目四模拟考试驾校一点通365网 / 驾校一点通2016科目一 科目四驾驶员理论考试网 / 2016科目一考试 科目四考试 但是直接引语属于下面的情况，变为间接引语时时态不作改变。 (1)主句的谓语动词为现在或将来时态，从句的时态无需变化。 a．He says，“Im tired.”→He says that he is tired. b．He will say，“Tom was lazy.” →He will tell you that Tom was lazy. (2)当直接引语是客观真理时，不受时间限制，因此不需要变化时态。 Our geography teacher said to us，“The earth goes round the sun.” →Our geography teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun. (3)直接引语是一般过去时，并且和具体的过去时间连用，时态不作改变。 She said，“I was born in 1978”．→She said that she was born in 1978. (4)when，while，since等引导的时间状语从句变为间接引语时，只改变主句的时态，从句的时态不变。 He said，“It is many years since he came to live here.” →He said that it was many years since he came to live there. (5)直接引语中含有某些情态动词时，间接引语可用原来形式，也可用其他情态动词表示，但要注意保持原来的意义。 He said，“You must be very fond of art.” →He said that I must be very fond of art. 3．指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化 指示代词：this→that these→those 时间状语：now→then today→that day tonight→that night yesterday→the day before last week/month→the week/month before three days ago→three days before tomorrow→the next day next week→the next week 地点状语：here→there 方向性动词：come→go bring→take 【温馨提示】 如果就在当地转述，here就不必改为there，come也不必改为go；如果是在当天转述，yesterday或tomorrow等的时间状语也不必改变。 4．人称代词的变化 例： “Ill let you know as soon as I get the tic