台湾清华大学生命科学第二十五讲(李家维教授).pptx

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint® Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp Chapter 27 Bacteria and Archaea Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings • Prokaryotes thrive almost everywhere, including places too acidic, salty, cold, or hot for most other organisms • Most prokaryotes are microscopic, but what they lack in size they make up for in numbers • There are more in a handful of fertile soil than the number of people who have ever lived Overview: Masters of Adaptation Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings • They have an astonishing genetic diversity • Prokaryotes are divided into two domains: bacteria and archaea Video: Tubeworms Fig. 27-1 Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Concept 27.1: Structural and functional adaptations contribute to prokaryotic success • Most prokaryotes are unicellular, although some species form colonies • Most prokaryotic cells are 0.5–5 µm, much smaller than the 10–100 µm of many eukaryotic cells • Prokaryotic cells have a variety of shapes • The three most common shapes are spheres (cocci), rods (bacilli), and spirals Fig. 27-2 1 µm (a) Spherical (cocci) 2 µm (b) Rod-shaped (bacilli) 5 µm (c) Spiral Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Cell-Surface Structures • An important feature of nearly all prokaryotic cells is their cell wall, which maintains cell shape, provides physical protection, and prevents the cell from bursting in a hypotonic environment • Eukaryote cell walls are made of cellulose or chitin • Bacterial cell walls contain peptidoglycan, a network of sugar polymers cross-linked by polypeptides Fig. 27-3c Gram- positive bacteria Gram- negative bacteri