2-科技英语翻译1新.pptVIP

一、翻译理论及标准 翻译标准 “任何译作都是翻译理论不露声色的实践，所以只要手高就证明他眼高，也许他没有自己的一套见解，也许没有写出来，但是一定会有。” —— 余光中 Faithfulness + Expressiveness + Elegance（信达雅） 严复(1853-1921): “three-character Criterion” for evaluation the artistic quality of translation (“译事三难,信达雅”) is more of a facile, pithy formula than of a theoretical system for translation. Sublimation（化境） 钱钟书(1910-1999)：view of “sublimation” in literary translation—the transfer of the original to the target language in such a way that its “躯壳换了一个，而精神姿致依然如我”，“文学翻译的最高标准是化，把作品从一国文字转变成另一国文字，既不能因语言习惯的差异而露出生硬牵强的痕迹，又能完全保存原有的风味，那就算得入于化境。” Closeness of spirit (神似) 傅雷(1908-1966)：reiterated the theoretical contrast between神似and形似,an old topic in Chinese classical aesthetics but reasserted for translation studies by 陈西莹and林语堂(1895-1976) in the 1920’s and 1930’s: “所求不在形似,而在神似”，“重神似,不重形似。” Skopos rule: Each text is produced for a given purpose and should serve this purpose. The Skopos rule thus reads as follows: translate/ interpret/ speak/ write in a way that enables your text/ translation to function in the situation in which it is used and with the people who want to use it and precisely in the way they want it to function. -- Skopos theory (Germany) Translation strategies: 1. Literal translation Free translation Literal translation plus illustration Literal plus free translation 2. domestication alienation 3. Adding Deletion Splitting Combination Conversion Repetition Etc. 译者要求 1. Be good at source and target language Most errors in translation are caused by misunderstanding of the source text. Without good mastering of English, one cannot transfer the style, artistic flavor or main ideas of the source language. E.g. 1 They usually go to bed early, especially on school nights. 他们通常很早睡觉，尤其在上学的晚上。 Improved translation: 他们通常晚上早睡，尤其在上学的日子里。 E.g.2 Each patient is an individual with different needs, depending on his or her special illness or condition. 根据他或她各自的不同疾病或情况，每个病人都是有不同需要的个体。 Impro