湘大高分子专业英语Charpter 2-4.ppt

* The ethylene oxide block is hydrophilic, whereas the propylene oxide block is (relatively) hydrophobic. The copolymer forms micelles in aqueous solutions with the hydrophilic portions pointing outward, interacting with the water, while the hydrophobic portions forms the inner core, shielded from the water by the ethylene oxide–derived block. A micelle is also formed in organic liquids, but here the hydrophobic propylene oxide block “faces” outward while the ethylene oxide block acts as the inner core. Joseph Shivers, a Dupont chemist, invented spandex in 1959 after about a ten-year search. It was first named Fiber K but Dupont chose the more appealing, smooth-like trade name of Lycra. * 环氧乙烷部分是亲水性的，而环氧丙烷部分是（相对）疏水性。在水溶液中共聚物形成的胶束具有指向外部的亲水部分与水相互作用，而疏水部分形成内芯，从水中屏蔽由环氧乙烷衍生的块。胶束也在有机液体中形成，但这里的疏水性环氧丙烷部分“面对”向外，而环氧乙烷部分作为内芯。 Joseph Shivers ，杜邦化学家，大约十年后在1959年发明了氨纶。它首先被命名为Fiber K，但杜邦公司选择了更具吸引力的光滑的商品名——莱卡。 * Elastomeric polyurethane fibers consisting of at least 85% segmented polyurethane are commercially available under the name Spandex. They are block copolymers and are among the first products specifically designed using the concept of soft and hard segments. The soft or flexible segment is composed of poly(ethylene oxide) chains that contain two hydroxyl end groups (one at each end of the poly(ethylene oxide) chain). The hard or stiff segment is derived from the reaction of the diisocyanate with the hydroxyl end groups forming polar urethane linkages that connect the poly(ethylene oxide)polymer segments through the urethane linkages. Such products are often referred to as “segmented polyurethane fibers.” They have found wide use in cloths including bras. Similar products have also been formed using hydroxyl-terminated polyethylene in place of the poly(ethylene oxide). * 由至少85％嵌段聚氨酯组成的弹性聚氨酯纤维是可购得的，名为氨纶。它们的嵌段共聚物，第一批产品是用软段和硬段的概念专门设计的。软的或柔性的段是由含有两个羟基端基（在聚氧化乙烯链的每一末端上）的聚环氧乙烷链组成。硬的或刚性的段源于二异氰酸酯与羟基端基形成有极性的氨基甲酸酯键，通过氨基甲酸乙酯键连接的聚环氧乙烷的聚合物链段，反应而得。这类产品通常被称为“嵌段聚氨酯纤维”。已经发现它们广泛使用在包括胸罩在内布料中。类似