成都锦润学校初二下英语9单元复习辅导材料(学生版).docVIP

成都锦润学校初二下英语9单元复习辅导材料（学生版） 1. 现在完成时由主语＋have/has＋过去分词构成。其主要用法如下： I. 在未指明具体时间的情况下，现在完成时动词通常可以表示在说话之前已经完成，而后果或影响至今仍存在的动作。 The concert has started. 音乐会已经开始。 I have had breakfast. 我已吃过早饭。 注意：have gone to 和 have been to 在意义上有区别。 He has gone to Hong Kong. 他到香港去了。（他已前往香港，或在途中，或已到达。说话人暗示他现在不在现场。） He has been to Hong Kong. 他曾到过香港。（说话人认为他过去到过香港，现在已不在该地。言外之意他对香港有所了解。）II. 现在完成时动词可以表示开始于过去持续到现在（也许还会继续进行下去）的动作或状态。 1) I have studied English since last year. 我从去年开始学习英语。 2) She has lived in Beijing for five years. 她住在北京已经五年了。 注意：come, go , leave, arrive, buy, lose, receive, join, die, bury 和marry 等动词所表示的动作是一时的，不能延续的，故不能与for …，since …等开头的表示一段时间的状语连用。不过，这些词用于否定句则可以与表示持续的时间状语连用，即动作的不发生是可以持续的。不能说：*He has come to Beijing for two years. *He has bought that book for three weeks. *He has joined the Army for one and a half years. *His grandma has died for nine months. * I have received his letter for a month.可以说： He has been in Beijing for two years. He has had that book for three weeks. He has been in the army for one and a half years. His grandma has been dead for nine months. I havent received his letter for almost a month.或者： It is two years since he came to Beijing. It is three weeks since he bought that book. It is one and a half years since he joined the Army. It is nine months since his grandma died.2. 现在完成时把过去的动作和现在的结果联系起来，一般过去时只限于表示过去的动作本身，与现在的结果无关。现在完成时与一般过去时在意义上的区别举例如下： I have cleaned my room. (My room is clean now.) 我已经打扫过我的房间了。 I cleaned my room last week. (I did it in the past.) 我上周打扫了我的房间。 Father has gone to Amoy. (He went to Amoy and he is not here now.) 爸爸已经去厦门了。 They have bought a dictionary. (They bought a dictionary and they have it now.) 他们买了一本字典。注意：现在完成时不能和明确指出时间的状语（如：yesterday, last, year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when she came in 等）连用，但可以和不明确指出时间的状语（如：already, yet, ever, never, sometimes, always, often, before, once, twice, recently, lately等）连用；也可以和表示包括现在在内的时间状语（如：today, this morning, this week, this year等）连用。例如： S