【精选】2013Heterocycles_Review.pdfVIP

HETEROCYCLES, Vol. 87, No. 2, 2013 275 HETEROCYCLES, Vol. 87, No. 2, 2013, pp. 275 - 301. © 2013 The Japan Institute of Heterocyclic Chemistry Received, 6th November, 2012, Accepted, 21st November, 2012, Published online, 7th December, 2012 DOI: 10.3987/REV-12-758 DEVELOPMENT OF CARBAZOLE DYES FOR EFFICIENT MOLECULAR PHOTOVOLTAICS Nagatoshi Koumura1,2 and Kohjiro Hara1 1 Research Center for Photovoltaic Technologies, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan 2 Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tenodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan Abstract – Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs), which are one of the promising molecular photovoltaics, have been attracting considerable attention because the electrochemical solar cells exhibit high performance and potential for low-cost production. Dyes as photosensitizers are one of the most important components influencing the photovoltaic performances of DSSCs, because a photo-sensitizer determines the photoresponse range of the DSSC and initiates the primary steps of the photon absorption and the subsequent electron transfer process. Generally, Ru-polypyridyl-complex sensitizers, developed by Prof. Grätzel and coworkers, have been employed for efficient DSSCs. In addition to conventional Ru-complex sensitizers, metal-free organic dyes have also been utilized as sensitizers in DSSCs, and the photovoltaic performance of DSSCs based on organic-dye sensitizers has been improved relative to earlier studies of DSSCs with organic dyes. We have designed and synthesized alkyl-functionalized carbazole dyes to improve both solar-cell