1 软件需求分析-需求与软件工程过程.pptVIP

软 件 需 求 分 析第一课——需求与软件工程过程 孙钢锋 jsjsgf@hgnc.net Topic 课程安排和说明 需求的重要性 信息系统特征 信息系统开发面临的挑战 什么是需求 课程安排和说明 授课时间：每周四上午3、4节（2到13周） 实验课： 每周五上午1、2节（9到16周） 成绩记载： 听课 10% 作业 20% 实验成绩 30% 期末考试 40% 学习要求与方法 教学内容 参考书籍 需求的重要性 信息系统特征 培养系统思考方式 培养系统思考方式 培养系统思考方式 信息系统开发面临的挑战 信息系统开发面临的挑战 信息系统开发面临的挑战 Stakeholders Stakeholders Software process Capability maturity model Modeling UML UML What are Requirements? Requirements are the “elements” that the requirements analyst should discover before starting to build a system. A requirement represents “something” that the system must do or a quality that the system must possess. Functional requirements Non-functional requirements Constraints Functional Requirements Derived System accepts scheduling date and district identifier from engineer The system shall accept the scheduling date The system shall warn if scheduling date is neither today nor within the next two days The product shall accept a valid district identifier The product shall confirm that the district selected is the one wanted by the engineer Notice the level of detail: they can be verified,they are enough to describe the use case Reduce ambiguity to ensure “correct” meaning Requirements need the so called “fit criteria” Functional Requirements Functional requirements represent the capabilities that the product must have to achieve its purpose – an action that the system must take if it is to provide useful functionality for its user. Non-Functional requirements Describe the experience that the user has while he/she does the work They describe the characteristics of the work that are represented by the use case or the functional requirements Non-functional Requirement Types Look and feel requirements Usability requirements Performance requirements Operational requirements (operating environment) Maintainability and portability requirements Security requirements Cultural and political requirements Legal requirements Non-Functional R