【精选】Gene X ppt(Gene10 基因十)--Chapter12.ppt

Chapter 12Extrachromosomal Replicons 12.1 Introduction plasmid – Circular, extrachromosomal DNA. It is autonomous and can replicate itself. lysogenic – The ability of a phage to survive in a bacterium as a stable prophage component of the bacterial genome. 12.1 Introduction episome – A plasmid able to integrate into bacterial DNA. immunity – In plasmids, the ability of a plasmid to prevent another of the same type from becoming established in a cell. 12.2 The Ends of Linear DNA Are a Problem for Replication Special arrangements must be made to replicate the DNA strand with a 5′ end. FIGURE 01: Replication could run off the 3’ end of a newly synthesized linear strand, but could it initiate at a 5’ end? 12.3 Terminal Proteins Enable Initiation at the Ends of Viral DNAs strand displacement – A mode of replication of some viruses in which a new DNA strand grows by displacing the previous (homologous) strand of the duplex. FIGURE 02: Adenovirus DNA replication is initiated separately at the two ends of the molecule and proceeds by strand displacement 12.3 Terminal Proteins Enable Initiation at the Ends of Viral DNAs A terminal protein binds to the 5′ end of DNA and provides a cytidine nucleotide with a 3′–OH end that primes replication. FIGURE 04: Adenovirus terminal protein binds to the 5’ end of DNA and provides a C-OH end to prime synthesis of a new DNA strand 12.4 Rolling Circles Produce Multimers of a Replicon A rolling circle generates single-stranded multimers of the original sequence. FIGURE 05: The rolling circle generates a multimeric single-stranded tail FIGURE 07: The fate of the displaced tail determines the types of products generated by rolling circles 12.5 Rolling Circles Are Used to Replicate Phage Genomes The φX A protein is a cis-acting relaxase that generates single-stranded circles from the tail produced by rolling circle replication. FIGURE 08: φX174 RF DNA is a template for synthesizing single-stranded viral circles 12.6 Th