2007同济大学电科课件 专业英语 转换翻译技巧.pptVIP

翻译中的转换技巧 在翻译过程中，一般情况下，译文的主语、谓语和宾语等句子成分应该保持与原文对应。 英语和汉语分属不同的语系，为了使译文表达清楚，符合规范，翻译时就需要做适当的转换。 1.英语主语转换成汉语宾语 这种转换常用于翻译被动句。 例1：Considerable use has been made of these data. 例2：Much progress has been made in electrical engineering in less than a century. 例3：Modern industry requires that more and more natural gas be tapped. 例4：Every day, new compounds are produced in the lab by the synthetic organic chemist. 例5：Traditional methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study. 2.英语主语转换成汉语谓语 当以care，need，attention，emphasis，improvement等名词及名词化结构作主语时常这样处理。 例6：There is need for improvement in our experiment work. 例7：In all determinations of equilibrium constant care must be taken to see that the equilibrium does not alter during the analysis of the equilibrium mixture. 例8：The expansion of the steam in the cylinder causes some of the steam to condense. 3.英语宾语转换成汉语主语 英语的宾语转换成汉语的主语主要出现在一些常见的结构中。如： to have a length of …… to have a height of…… to have a density of…… to have a voltage of …… 在这种情况下，往往将“长度”“高度”“密度”及“电压”等作为主语。此外，词汇的搭配关系也要求成分转换。 例9：The equipment has a length of 6 m. 例10：This sort of stone has a relative density of 2.8. 4.英语谓语转换成汉语主语 在英语中，某些动词如act，behave，feature，characterize，relate，load，conduct等在汉语中往往都要译成名词才符合汉语的表达习惯。 例11：A high developed natural science is characterized by an extensive use of mathematics. 例12：A sketch serves to express one’s idea graphically. 5.英语定语转换成汉语谓语、状语 进行这种转换往往是为了突出定语所表达的内容。如果英语句子中某一名词须转换成汉语动词，那么修饰该名词的形容词或分词定语应转换成汉语的状语。 例13：Many factors enter into equipment reliability. 例14：A continuous increase in the temperature of a gas confined in a container will lead to a continuous increase in the internal pressure within the gas. 6.状语的转换 英语的状语转换成汉语的主语。 在英语中，有些介词短语在句中作状语表示主语的位置、状态、形状、性质等。 为了强调其在句中的地位，翻译时常常将这类状语译成汉语的主语。这种转换在英语状语的转换中最为常见。 例15：In size and appearance, Mercury is very