【精选】Section Q Protein synthesis.pptVIP

Section Q Protein synthesis content Q1 ASPECTS OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Q2 MECHANISM OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Q3 INITIATION IN EUKARYOTES Q4 TRANSLATIONAL CONTROL AND POST-TRANSLATIONAL EVENTS Q1 ASPECTS OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Codon-anticodon interaction In the cleft of the ribosome, an antiparallel formation of three pairs occurs between the codon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the tRNA. If the 5’ anticodon base is modified, the tRNA can usually interact with more than one codon. Wobble The wobble hypothesis decribes the nonstandard base pairs that can form between modified 5’-acticodon bases and 3’-codon bases. When the wobble nucleoside is inosine, the tRNA can base-pair with three codon-those ending in A, C or U. Ribosome binding site The ribosome binding site is a sequence just upstream of the initiation codon in prokaryotic mRNA which base-pairs with a complementary sequence near the 3’-end of the 16S rRNA to position the ribosome for initiation of protein synthesis. It is also known as the Shine-Dalgarno sequence after its discoverers. Polysome Polyribosomes(polysomes) form on an mRNA when successive ribosomes attach, begin translating and move along the mRNA. A polysome is a complex of multiple ribosomes in various stages of translation on one mRNA molecule. Initiator tRNA A special tRNA(initiator tRNA), recognizingh the AUG start codon, is used to initiate protein synthesis in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In prokaryotes, the initiator tRNA is first charged with methionine by methionyl-tRNA synthetase. The methionine residue is then converted to N-formylmethionine by transformylase. In eukaryotes, the methionine on the initiator tRNA is not modified. There are strucutral differences between the E.coli initiator tRNA and the tRNA that insects internal Met residues. Fig. 1. Codon–anticodon interaction Fig. 2. The E. coli methionine-tRNAs. (a) The initiator tRNA fMet-tRNAfMet; (b) the methionyl-tRNA Met-tRNAMet Q2 MECHANISM OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Overview