Select详解.doc

Select详解 闲来没事做，整理了一下SELECT语句的一点用法，不过这是SQL SERVER 2000 下的，整体的语法和informix 的SQL语法差不多，仅供参考，对于初学SQL语句的新手来说还是有帮助的，嘿嘿～～～ 其实我就是新手，以后还请各位大侠多多执教！！！ SELECT 从数据库中检索行，并允许从一个或多个表中选择一个或多个行或列。虽然 SELECT 语句的完整语法较复杂，但是其主要的子句可归纳如下： SELECT select_list [ INTO new_table ] FROM table_source [ WHERE search_condition ] [ GROUP BY group_by_expression ] [ HAVING search_condition ] [ ORDER BY order_expression [ ASC | DESC ] ] 可以在查询之间使用 UNION 运算符，以将查询的结果组合成单个结果集。 语法 SELECT statement ::=  query_expression [ ORDER BY { order_by_expression | column_position [ ASC | DESC ] } [ ,...n ] ] [ COMPUTE { { AVG | COUNT | MAX | MIN | SUM } ( expression ) } [ ,...n ] [ BY expression [ ,...n ] ] ] [ FOR { BROWSE | XML { RAW | AUTO | EXPLICIT } [ , XMLDATA ] [ , ELEMENTS ] [ , BINARY base64 ] } ] [ OPTION ( query_hint [ ,...n ]) ]  query expression ::= { query specification | ( query expression ) } [ UNION [ ALL ] query specification | ( query expression ) [...n ] ]  query specification ::= SELECT [ ALL | DISTINCT ] [ { TOP integer | TOP integer PERCENT } [ WITH TIES ] ]  select_list [ INTO new_table ] [ FROM { table_source } [ ,...n ] ] [ WHERE search_condition ] [ GROUP BY [ ALL ] group_by_expression [ ,...n ] [ WITH { CUBE | ROLLUP } ] ] [HAVING search_condition] 由于 SELECT 语句的复杂性，下面按子句说明详细的语法元素和参数： SELECT 子句 指定由查询返回的列。 语法 SELECT [ ALL | DISTINCT ] [ TOP n [ PERCENT ] [ WITH TIES ] ]  select_list  select_list ::= { * | { table_name | view_name | table_alias }.* | { column_name | expression | IDENTITYCOL | ROWGUIDCOL } [ [ AS ] column_alias ] | column_alias = expression } [ ,...n ] 参数 ALL 指定在结果集中可以显示重复行。ALL 是默认设置。 DISTINCT 指定在结果集中只能显示唯一行。为了 DISTINCT 关键字的用途，空值被认为相等。 TOP n [PERCENT] 指定只从查询结果集中输出前 n 行。n 是介于 0 和 4294967295 之间的整数。如果还指定了 PERCENT，则只从结果集中输出前百分之 n 行。当指定时带 PERCENT 时，n 必须是介于 0 和 100 之间的整数。 如果查询包含 ORDER BY 子句，将输出由 ORDER BY 子句排序的前 n 行（或前百分之 n 行）。如果查询没有 ORDER BY 子句，行的顺序将任意。 WITH TIES 指定从基本结果集中返回附加的行，这些行包含与出现在 TOP n (