基于单片机的远程数据采集系统的设计.doc

摘 要 本论文提出一种利用DS18B20数字式温度传感器作为温度采集的工具，用单片机AT89C52对它进行控制，并且通过RS-485总线做远程传送将采集到的数据通过RS-232接口送入PC机测温系统的设计方法。基于单片机的远程采集系统中，采用串行协议和RS-485总线，其中RS485总线的通信距离可以达到1000m左右；在此通信距离下，串行通信的速率最高可以达到9600bit/s。本文论述的系统单片机的晶振采用的是12MHz的，为了减小单片机串行通信中波特率的初始值误差，采用4800bit/s的波特率。 设计采用了模块化的思想，条理清楚，主要有硬件设计与软件程序设计两部分。本系统接口简单、使用方便、可靠性好，在温度检测中有较广泛的应用前景，具有较强的使用价值。就其采样频率和分辨率来说属于中速类型，适合对数据采样频率要求不是特别高的应用场合。 关键词：单片机AT89C52；温度传感器DS18B20；RS-232；总线串行通信RS-485；VB6.0 Abstract A designing method which uses DS18B20 digital sensor as temperature-collecting tool, and MCU AT89C52 as Micro-controller unit is introduced.，It makes a long-range conveyance by using RS-485 Bus to send the collected data to PC temperature-measuring system by RS-232 interface. Acquisition of long-range Micro-controller unit-based system, using a serial protocol and RS-485 bus, which bus RS485 communications distance can reach about 1000 meters; in this communication distance, the highest rate of serial communication can be achieved 9600bit/s. In this paper, the crystal of MCU AT89C52 system is used in the 12MHz, in order to reduce the initial value error of the MCU serial communication baud rate , the system uses 4800 bit/s baud rate. This design has its clear order and has two main part of hardware design and software process design for its Modular thoughts. This system has widely perspective in temperature measurement and good use value for its simple and convenient interfaces. As far as sampling frequency and resolution ratio, it belongs to middle-speed type. It is proper to be used in application occasion without high requirement to data sampling frequency. Key words: MCU AT89C52；Temperature Sensor DS18B20；RS-232；Bus Serial Communication RS-485；VB6.0摘 要 I Abstract II 1 绪 论 1 1.1 课题来源 1 2.2 课题意义、目的 2 2.3 课题主要内容 2 2 远程数据采集系统的硬件设计 3 2.1 系统方案设计 3 2.2 DS18B20数字式温度传感器模块的硬件电路设计 5 2.3 数码管显示模块的设计 8 2.4 RS-485总线及其与单片机、PC机的接口电路的设计 14 3 远程数据采集系统的软件设计 20 3.1 单片机的数据采集模块的程序设计 20 3.2 数据采集的串口通信协议 23 3.3 人机界面的设计 28 4 系统仿真与分析 32 4.1 单片机中测温显示模块的仿真