齿轮制造方法毕业课程设计外文文献翻译.docVIP

原文： 题目 Gear Manufacturing Methods Gears, defined as toothed members transmitting rotary motion from one shaft to another, are among the oldest devices and inventions of man. In about 2006 B.C., the Chinese are known to have used a chariot incorporating a complex series of gears. Aristotle, in the fourth century B.C., wrote of gears as if they were commonplace. In the fifteenth century A.D., Leonardo da Vinci designed a multitude of devices incorporating many kinds of gears. Gears provide a positive-ratio driver for transmitting rotary motion from one shaft to another. Gear types are determined largely by the disposition of the shafts; in addition, certain types are better suited than others for large speed changes. This means that if a specific disposition of the shafts is required, the type of gear will more or less be fixed. On the other hand, if a required speed change demands a certain type, the shaft positions will also be fixed. If the shafts are parallel, any of three types may be used：spur, helical, or herring-home gear. Spiral gears are used to connect two shafts that are nonparallel and nonintersecting. Worm gears are used where high ratios are desired and where the shafts are nonintersecting and at right angle. Bevel gears are often used when two shafts are at right angles other than 90 degrees. Spiral bevel gears can be used in the same applications as straight-tooth bevel gears; the spiral bevel gears are capable of higher speeds and quieter operation. Hypoid gears are similar to spiral bevel gears, except that the extensions of the centerlines do not intersect. Rack-and-pinion drives are used where the rotary motion of one part must be transformed into translating motion of the other part, or vice versa. The incorporation of some of these types into gear trains constitutes an important phase of design. Tooth profiles. The contacting surfaces of gear teeth must be aligned in such a way that the drive is positive; i.e., the load transmitted must not d