mhc-在遗传和移植中的作用 .ppt

Major Histocompatibility Complex(MHC) What is MHC? HLA H-2 Minor histocompatibility antigens Progress in organ transplantation Significance of the MHC role in immune response role in predisposition to disease Role in organ transplantation Genetic barriers to transplantation The laws of transplantation Histocompatibility antigensand graft survival Graft versus host disease Graft versus host disease The human MHC genes The mouse MHC genes Polymorphism of MHC genes The inheritance of MHC genes MHC products expressed on cells Crossing overresults in new haplotypes Differential expression of MHC antigens Serological tissue typing:the scheme Tissue typing by themixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) Tissue typing:the MLR scheme Lymphocyte proliferation during MLR Mechanisms of graft rejection Tempo of rejection reaction HLA matching and graft survival Blood transfusion and graft survival Immunosuppresseive agents Immunosuppresseive agents HLA and disease association Organ transplant activityUSA, 1988 15,721 1,227 77 231 734 298 n/a n/a 7,278 1,647 31 74 1680 N/a 243 2000 Kidney Heart lung Heart/lung Liver Cornea Pancreas Bone marrow patients awaiting transplants performed Organ Histocompatibility (transplantation) antigens: Antigens on tissues and cells that determine their rejection when grafted between two genetically different individuals; Major histocompatibility (MHC) antigens: Histocompatibility antigens that cause a very strong immune response and are most important in rejection; MHC complex: Group of genes on a single chromosome encoding the MHC antigens; HLA (human leukocyte antigens): MHC antigens of man (first detected on leukocytes); H?2 antigens: MHC antigens of mouse; Xenograft: Grafts between members of different species (also known as heterologous, xenogeneic or hetero- grafts); Allograft: Grafts between two members of the same species (also known as allogeneic or homo- graft); Isograft: Grafts between members of the same species with identical genetic