扩链剂与交联剂.DOCVIP

扩链剂与交联剂 Understanding Chain Extenders and Crosslinkers SpecialChem - Jul 21, 2004  Introduction What are chain extenders and crosslinkers? What are the applications? Chain extenders examples Examples of crosslinkersConclusion  Introduction To gain their optimum mechanical and processing properties, polymers must have: A good balance of backbone structure for the thermoplastics A good balance of structure of chains and linkages for the thermosets. The backbone structure depends on the monomers or prepolymers but can be modified with low-molecular weight species named chain extenders. The links between macromolecules are formed by reaction with crosslinkers that can react with the functions of two separate macromolecules. Some polymers can be used under thermoplastic state or thermoset one as, for example polyurethane or polyethylene.  What are chain extenders and crosslinkers? Both are low-molecular multifunctional species: Difunctional products can react to form a linear extended structure, they are the chain extenders. Tri- and other multifunctional entities can react to form a tridimensional lattice, they are crosslinkers. Reality is not so clear and some chemicals are both, chain extenders and crosslinkers. Figure 1 shows the principles of chain extenders on the one hand and crosslinkers on the other hand. Figure 1: Principle of chain extenders and crosslinkers reactions  What are the applications? The applications of chain extenders and crosslinkers are complementary and competing in the manufacture of numerous polymers: Extension of linear chains to modify physical properties without the drawbacks of thermosets (but without their advantages). Extension of linear segments of crosslinked polymers to modify physical properties. Linking or hardening of linear chains to form a thermoset with its general advantages and also drawbacks. In the case of polyurethanes, the two types of additives can be used. The final polymer is formed by the reaction