Business Intelligence and Big Data - 同济大学软件学院.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * References D. P. Ballou and G. K. Tayi. Enhancing data quality in data warehouse environments. Comm. of ACM, 42:73-78, 1999 A. Bruce, D. Donoho, and H.-Y. Gao. Wavelet analysis. IEEE Spectrum, Oct 1996 T. Dasu and T. Johnson. Exploratory Data Mining and Data Cleaning. John Wiley, 2003 J. Devore and R. Peck. Statistics: The Exploration and Analysis of Data. Duxbury Press, 1997. H. Galhardas, D. Florescu, D. Shasha, E. Simon, and C.-A. Saita. Declarative data cleaning: Language, model, and algorithms. VLDB01 M. Hua and J. Pei. Cleaning disguised missing data: A heuristic approach. KDD07 H. V. Jagadish, et al., Special Issue on Data Reduction Techniques. Bulletin of the Technical Committee on Data Engineering, 20(4), Dec. 1997 H. Liu and H. Motoda (eds.). Feature Extraction, Construction, and Selection: A Data Mining Perspective. Kluwer Academic, 1998 J. E. Olson. Data Quality: The Accuracy Dimension. Morgan Kaufmann, 2003 D. Pyle. Data Preparation for Data Mining. Morgan Kaufmann, 1999 V. Raman and J. Hellerstein. Potters Wheel: An Interactive Framework for Data Cleaning and Transformation, VLDB’2001 T. Redman. Data Quality: The Field Guide. Digital Press (Elsevier), 2001 R. Wang, V. Storey, and C. Firth. A framework for analysis of data quality research. IEEE Trans. Knowledge and Data Engineering, 7:623-640, 1995 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * x2 x1 e Principal Component Analysis (PCA) Find a projection that captures the largest amount of variation in data The original data are projected onto a much smaller space, resulting in dimensionality reduction. We find the eigenvectors of the covariance matrix, and these eigenvectors define the new space * Given N data vectors from n-dimensions, find k ≤ n orthogonal vectors (principal components) that can be best used to represent data Normalize input data: Each attribute falls within the same range Compute k orthonormal (unit) vectors