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LecturePLUS Timberlake Lecture 4 Alcohols, Phenols, and Thiols Alcohols, Phenols, and Thiols Midterm II Outcome Alcohols and Phenols An alcohol contains A hydroxyl group (—OH) attached to a carbon chain. A phenol contains A hydroxyl group (—OH) attached to a benzene ring. Classification of Alcohols Alcohols are classified By the number of alkyl groups attached to the carbon bonded to the hydroxyl. As primary (1°), secondary (2°), or tertiary (3°). Primary (1o) Secondary (2o) Tertiary (3o)1 group 2 groups 3 groups H CH3 CH3  | | | CH3—C—OH CH3—C—OH CH3—C—OH | | | H H CH3 Learning Check Classify each alcohol as (P) primary, (S) secondary, or (T) tertiary. OH | 1. CH3—CH—CH2—CH3 2. CH3—CH2—CH2—OH OH | 3. CH3—CH2—C—CH2—CH3 | CH3 Naming Alcohols The names of alcohols In the IUPAC system replace -e of alkane name with -ol. that are common names use the name of the alkyl group followed by alcohol. Formula IUPAC Common Name CH4 methane CH3─OH methanol methyl alcohol CH3─CH3 ethane CH3─CH2─OH ethanol ethyl alcohol More Names of Alcohols In IUPAC names for longer carbon chains, the chain is numbered from the end nearest the ─OH group. CH3─CH2─CH2─OH 1-propanol OH │ CH3─CH─CH2─CH3 2-butanol CH3 OH │ │ CH3─CH─CH2─CH2─CH─CH3 5-methyl-2-hexanol 6 5 4 3 2 1 Some Typical Alcohols OH | “rubbing alcohol” CH3—CH—CH3 2-propanol (isopropyl alcohol) antifreeze HO—CH2—CH2—OH 1,2-ethanediol (ethylene glyco