Spectrum Sharing MAClayer Protocols：MAC层协议的频谱共享.pptVIP

Spectrum Sharing MAC-layer Protocols Sang-Yoon Chang ECE 439 Spring 2010 Motivation Bandwidth becoming scarcer and more valuable Increased demands on wireless applications Users demand higher performance Dynamically accessing multiple channels can increase spectrum efficiency Our goal is to support multiple transmissions and increase performance by mitigating interference FCC Spectrum Allocation Chart Spectrum Utilization Background Cognitive radio Secondary users operating on licensed Band Required to detect primary users’ signals (physical-layer) Avoid and yield the channel use to primary users (MAC-layer) In addition, coordination with other secondary users Other Spectrum Sharing Techniques Ultra WideBand (UWB) Communication Unlicensed Band, e.g., ISM band Project Overview Random access protocol without coordination [2] Centralized channel allocation algorithm [3] Distributed channel allocation algorithm [4],[5] Single radio per user [6],[7] Sensing overhead / limitations [7],[8] Diverging from traditional slotted channelization [7],[10],[11],[12] Selfish users [14] Hidden-Terminal Problem In single-channel environment, IEEE 802.11 DCF, busy-tone Assumed single radio per user IEEE 802.11 DCF in multi-channel environment C does not hear the CTS(2) from B, and thus collision If multiple radios per user, Dynamic Channel Assignment (DCA) by Wu [9] Needs complex hardware MMAC Protocol Multi-Channel MAC (MMAC) by So and Vaidya [6] Single radio per user Build on IEEE 802.11 PSM protocol (beacon interval, ATIM) Requires global synchronization In ATIM window, Agree on a channel according to Preferable Channel List (High, Medium, Low) ATIM-RES to notify the channel reservation Beacon Interval MMAC Performance Compared to DCA [9] and IEEE 802.11 WLAN (above) and multi-hop (below) environment Also observed packet delay CBR traffic Packet size = 512 Bytes Beacon interval = 100 ms ATIM window size = 20 ms 3 channels HC-MAC Protocol Hardware-Constrained Cognitive MAC