土木工程毕业设计外文翻译 (2).doc

　 英文翻译 分　 院 　理工学院 　 专 业 土木工程 　　 届 别 2016届2012级 学 号 124173755 姓 名 XXX 指导教师 严蔚老师 2015年 12 月02日 文献翻译一：原文 Strength of Concrete in Slabs, Investigates along Direction of Concreting ABSTRACT In theory of concrete it is assumed that concrete composites are isotropic on a macro scale. For example, it is assumed that a floor slab’s or a beam’s strength is identical in all directions and its nonhomogeneity is random. Hence neither calculations of the load-bearing capacity of structural components nor the techniques of investigating concrete in structure in situ take into account to a sufficient degree the fact that the assumption about concrete isotropy is overly optimistic. The present research shows that variation in concrete strength along the direction of concreting has not only a qualitative effect (as is commonly believed), but also a significant quantitative effect. This indicates that concrete is a composite which has not been fully understood yet. The paper presents evaluations of ordinary concrete (OC) homogeneity along component thickness along the direction of concreting. The ultrasonic method and modified exponential heads with a point contact with concrete were used in the investigations [1-3]. Keywords: Concrete; Compressive Strength of Concrete; Non-Destructive 1. Introduction In a building structure there are components which are expected to have special properties but not necessarily in the whole cross section. Components under bending, such as beams and floor slabs are generally compressed in their upper zone and the concrete’s compressive strength is vital mainly in this zone. The components are usually moulded in the same position in which they later remain in service, i.e. with their upper zone under compression. Concrete in the upper zone is expected to be slightly weaker than in the